include: sensor: sensor_value from double overflow

sensor_value_from_double had a early overflow when converting the
fractional part (val2).  This occured when input was more then
2147.493647 (inp >= INT32_MAX/1000000.0 + 0.01).

return value -ERANGE as this is what errno is set to by `strtod` and
similar posix functions.

fixes issue #39176

Signed-off-by: Simon Frank <simon.frank@lohmega.com>