drivers: can: add missing argument to LOG_ERR call

PR #64399 introduced checks for out-of-bounds filter IDs
in CAN drivers, along with logging of said IDs; however,
the call to LOG_ERR in the native POSIX/Linux driver is
missing the 'filter_id' argument.

This commit adds the missing argument to ensure proper
data is printed when the LOG_ERR call is performed.

Signed-off-by: Mathieu Choplain <mathieu.choplain@st.com>
(cherry picked from commit 6ff47b15)