scripts: west_commands: runners: Fix bare except (E722 & B904)

Catch explicit exceptions and pass them them to the ValueError

See
https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/bare-except/
https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/raise-without-from-inside-except/



Signed-off-by: Pieter De Gendt <pieter.degendt@basalte.be>