drivers: i2c_ll_stm32_v2: Add timeout on transfer

When, due to EMC, a spike happens on the SCL line the driver stay in
BUSY state. It could be reproduced by forcing the SCL temporarily to
ground. It's probably a behavior relating to the operation of
multi-master.
By adding a timeout to the msg_read and msg_write function we can
detect that something went wrong, and when that happens we force the
end of communication.

Signed-off-by: Julien D'Ascenzio <julien.dascenzio@paratronic.fr>