Bluetooth: controller: implement connection termination on invalid pdus

When a running procedure receives a REJECT or UNKNOWN_RSP PDU that is
not an expected part of the procedure flow this leads to termination
of the connection

This affects procedures:
CU/CPR, CTE, PHY, PING, DLE, FEX, VEX, CHMU

Unit tests are updated to cover the updated behaviour.

Signed-off-by: Erik Brockhoff <erbr@oticon.com>