drivers: sensor: rtio: use catch-remaining for decoding

As new channels are added to the `enum sensor_channel`, some
of the newer channel aren't updated in the whitelist of rtio
decoder.

Instead of specifying every channel in the list, do:
1. Verify that the `channel` is valid
2. cherry-pick the channels that require special handling, i.e.
   1. `three_axis_data`
   2. `byte_data`
   3. `uint64_data`
3. handle the remaining `channel` in the default case as
   `q31_data`

to make sure that all channels are handled.

Updated the pytest to get channel 32, previously nothing would
happen for this channel as there isn't a decoder for it, now
it would return:

```
channel type=32((null))
```

the channel name is NULL because it wasn't added to the channel
name look up table in the sensor_shell.c, that is being fixed
in #72815.

Signed-off-by: Yong Cong Sin <ycsin@meta.com>