logging: syst: add support for catalog messages

MIPI Sys-T catalog messages are similar to dictionary logging
where an ID is emitted instead of the format string. This allows
the format strings to be removed from the final binary to save
a few bytes. This adds the necessary bits to determine to emit
catalog messages when appropriate.

Note that this implementation copies the argument list as-is
with string arguments stitched together since the format strings
are assumed to have been removed and they cannot be examined
to properly convert the argument lists into catalog message
payloads. Because of this, various build asserts are there to
avoid building for configurations where they are known not to
work.

Signed-off-by: Daniel Leung <daniel.leung@intel.com>