lib: os: cbprint: enable tagged arguments for packaging

This adds some bits to support tagged arguments to be used for
packaging. If enabled, the packaging function no longer looks at
the format strings to determine the types of arguments, but
instead, each argument is tagged with a type by preceding it
with another argument as type (integer). This allows the format
strings to be removed from the final binary to conserve space.

Signed-off-by: Daniel Leung <daniel.leung@intel.com>