version: cmake: kconfig: introduce extra <type>_VERSION_<x>_STRING

Fixes: #68360

This commit introduces <type>_VERSION_TWEAK_STRING which includes
the tweak field in the string, but without the extra version.
This format is used by MCUboot / imgtool, and thus makes it easier to
align code to the format used by MCUboot.

This commit also introduces <type>_VERSION_EXTENDED_STRING which
includes the tweak field in the string in addition to the extra version
field.

The new defines / variables is available in code, CMake, and Kconfig,
and it defined for KERNEL, APP, and custom types, such as MCUBOOT.

Signed-off-by: Torsten Rasmussen <Torsten.Rasmussen@nordicsemi.no>
Signed-off-by: Jamie McCrae <jamie.mccrae@nordicsemi.no>