Bluetooth: controller: Add packet transmit time restrictions

Add implementation to support PHY update procedure with
packet transmit time restrictions.

This fixes:
TP/CON/SLA/BV-49-C [Initiating PHY Update Procedure Packet
Time Restrictions]
TP/CON/SLA/BV-50-C [Responding to PHY Update Procedure
Packet Time Restrictions]
TP/CON/SLA/BV-52-C [Initiating PHY Update Procedure Packet
Time Restrictions, No Change]
TP/CON/SLA/BV-53-C [Responding to PHY Update Procedure
Packet Time Restrictions, No Change]
TP/CON/MAS/BV-49-C [Initiating PHY Update Procedure Packet
Time Restrictions]
TP/CON/MAS/BV-50-C [Responding to PHY Update Procedure
Packet Time Restrictions]
conformance tests in LL.TS.5.0.0.

Signed-off-by: Vinayak Kariappa Chettimada <vich@nordicsemi.no>