cmake: c++ exceptions linking support

Fixes part of: #32448

This commit updates the CMake CMAKE_CXX_LINK_EXECUTABLE to include
crtbegin.o and crtend.o at the right locations when linking with gcc.

It also updates linker scripts to ensure proper location of the
exception header frame sections.

This ensure proper handling of exceptions for those architectures
- x86
- xtensa
- riscv32

Signed-off-by: Kumar Gala <kumar.gala@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Torsten Rasmussen <Torsten.Rasmussen@nordicsemi.no>