kernel/k_timer: Robustify vs. late interrupts

The k_timer utility was written to assume that the kernel timeout
handler would never be delayed by more than a tick, so it can naively
reschedule the next interrupt with a simple delay.

Unfortunately real platforms have glitchy hardware and high tick
rates, and on intel_adsp we're seeing this promise being broken in
some circumstances.

It's probably not a good idea to try to plumb the timer driver
interface up into the IPC layer to do this correction, but thankfully
the existing absolute timeout API provides the tools we need (though
it does require that CONFIG_TIMEOUT_64BIT be enabled).

Signed-off-by: Andy Ross <andrew.j.ross@intel.com>