drivers: serial: stm32: Add Line Break Detection

The current driver doesn't handle the LBD flag, this leads
uart_stm32_err_check to return always true if a Line Break
is detected.

This PR adds Line Break Detection and the related flag clearing,
F0 series it's excluded from the changes.

Fixes zephyrproject-rtos#41339

Signed-off-by: Andrea Campanella <andrea.campanella@helvar.com>