logging: Add string validation to detect %p misuse

Logging shall not use character pointers with %p because in
certain configurations it may lead to memory faults. A compile
time detection is added. If faulty usage is detected then
message is replaced with error message which indicates which
message failed and what shall be done (casting to a pointer
of different type).

Validation is enabled only for configurations which remove
strings from binary as otherwise it may impact CI execution
time.

Signed-off-by: Krzysztof Chruściński <krzysztof.chruscinski@nordicsemi.no>