drivers: can: Fix Issue #8226

This commit is a fix for Issue #8226
- Error flags are assigned to the correct mailbox now.
- set_filter_mutex is moved from can_stm32_attach to the wrappers
  can_stm32_attach_isr and can_stm32_attach_msgq. This protects
  response_type variable.
- Waiting for empty mailbox semaphore return value
  is checked for none zero values to check all error states.
- The mailbox tx_int_sem is reset before the sending is triggered.

Signed-off-by: Alexander Wachter <alexander.wachter@student.tugraz.at>