Doxygen: Minor fix-ups to documentation

- Fixed verified compiler versions stated in CMSIS-Core(M)
  and -Core(A) documentation.
- Added more details to history of Core(M)
- Aligned naming for links to component histories,
  i.e. use short name without CMSIS- prefix.

Change-Id: Iaf1365f1f40bd8b29d277b306d2dd84b54e10fe0