Interfaces serve as organizational hubs in living systems—from material exchange barriers in organs and tissues, to nodes for intercellular recognition and signal integration, to energy-converting platforms on organelle membranes, and ultimately to receptor–ligand interactions at the molecular level. Across this multiscale hierarchy, interfaces collectively dictate homeostasis, signal transduction, and metabolic coupling. Consequently, chemical sensing and imaging that span this full spectrum of interfaces—from organs to molecules—are essential not only for unraveling the mechanisms underlying health and disease, but also for establishing rational design principles in synthetic biology and enabling the construction of artificial biological systems. Advancing such methodologies hinges on leveraging the quantum properties of electrons and photons as a foundational underpinning, and on integrating multimodal techniques including super-resolution fluorescence imaging, photoacoustic imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, electrochemical imaging, and NV-center-based quantum sensing. By addressing key challenges such as the trade-off between penetration depth and resolution, the complexity of in vivo detection, and signal interference, this approach aims to establish a multiscale, multi-interface methodological framework that bridges microscopic quantum measurements with digital twin modeling, ultimately enabling precise regulation of life processes and rational design in synthetic biology.
