Commit 206f3985 authored by David S. Miller's avatar David S. Miller
Browse files

Merge branch 'xen_netback' 



xen-netback: IPv6 offload support

====================
This patch series adds support for checksum and large packet offloads
into xen-netback.  Testing has mainly been done using the Microsoft
network hardware certification suite running in Server 2008R2 VMs with
Citrix PV frontends.

v2:
- Fixed Wei's email address in Cc lines

v3:
- Responded to Wei's comments:
 - netif.h now updated with comments and a definition of
   XEN_NETIF_GSO_TYPE_NONE.
 - limited number of pullups
- Responded to Annie's comments:
 - New GSO_BIT macro

v4:
- Responded to more of Wei's comments
- Remove parsing of IPv6 fragment header and added warning

v5:
- Added comment concerning the value chosen for PKT_PROT_LEN
- Dropped deprecation of feature-no-csum-offload
====================

Signed-off-by: default avatarDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
parents c0f4ace7 82cada22

drivers/net/xen-netback/common.h

+9 −3
Original line number Diff line number Diff line
@@ -87,9 +87,13 @@ struct pending_tx_info { 
struct xenvif_rx_meta {

	int id;

	int size;

	int gso_type;

	int gso_size;

};



#define GSO_BIT(type) \

	(1 << XEN_NETIF_GSO_TYPE_ ## type)



/* Discriminate from any valid pending_idx value. */

#define INVALID_PENDING_IDX 0xFFFF
@@ -150,10 +154,12 @@ struct xenvif { 
	u8               fe_dev_addr[6];



	/* Frontend feature information. */

	int gso_mask;

	int gso_prefix_mask;



	u8 can_sg:1;

	u8 gso:1;

	u8 gso_prefix:1;

	u8 csum:1;

	u8 ip_csum:1;

	u8 ipv6_csum:1;



	/* Internal feature information. */

	u8 can_queue:1;	    /* can queue packets for receiver? */

drivers/net/xen-netback/interface.c

+11 −5
Original line number Diff line number Diff line
@@ -214,10 +214,14 @@ static netdev_features_t xenvif_fix_features(struct net_device *dev, 


	if (!vif->can_sg)

		features &= ~NETIF_F_SG;

	if (!vif->gso && !vif->gso_prefix)

	if (~(vif->gso_mask | vif->gso_prefix_mask) & GSO_BIT(TCPV4))

		features &= ~NETIF_F_TSO;

	if (!vif->csum)

	if (~(vif->gso_mask | vif->gso_prefix_mask) & GSO_BIT(TCPV6))

		features &= ~NETIF_F_TSO6;

	if (!vif->ip_csum)

		features &= ~NETIF_F_IP_CSUM;

	if (!vif->ipv6_csum)

		features &= ~NETIF_F_IPV6_CSUM;



	return features;

}
@@ -306,7 +310,7 @@ struct xenvif *xenvif_alloc(struct device *parent, domid_t domid, 
	vif->domid  = domid;

	vif->handle = handle;

	vif->can_sg = 1;

	vif->csum = 1;

	vif->ip_csum = 1;

	vif->dev = dev;



	vif->credit_bytes = vif->remaining_credit = ~0UL;
@@ -316,8 +320,10 @@ struct xenvif *xenvif_alloc(struct device *parent, domid_t domid, 
	vif->credit_timeout.expires = jiffies;



	dev->netdev_ops	= &xenvif_netdev_ops;

	dev->hw_features = NETIF_F_SG | NETIF_F_IP_CSUM | NETIF_F_TSO;

	dev->features = dev->hw_features;

	dev->hw_features = NETIF_F_SG |

		NETIF_F_IP_CSUM | NETIF_F_IPV6_CSUM |

		NETIF_F_TSO | NETIF_F_TSO6;

	dev->features = dev->hw_features | NETIF_F_RXCSUM;

	SET_ETHTOOL_OPS(dev, &xenvif_ethtool_ops);



	dev->tx_queue_len = XENVIF_QUEUE_LENGTH;

drivers/net/xen-netback/netback.c

+242 −52
Original line number Diff line number Diff line
@@ -109,15 +109,12 @@ static inline unsigned long idx_to_kaddr(struct xenvif *vif, 
	return (unsigned long)pfn_to_kaddr(idx_to_pfn(vif, idx));

}



/*

 * This is the amount of packet we copy rather than map, so that the

 * guest can't fiddle with the contents of the headers while we do

 * packet processing on them (netfilter, routing, etc).

/* This is a miniumum size for the linear area to avoid lots of

 * calls to __pskb_pull_tail() as we set up checksum offsets. The

 * value 128 was chosen as it covers all IPv4 and most likely

 * IPv6 headers.

 */

#define PKT_PROT_LEN    (ETH_HLEN + \

			 VLAN_HLEN + \

			 sizeof(struct iphdr) + MAX_IPOPTLEN + \

			 sizeof(struct tcphdr) + MAX_TCP_OPTION_SPACE)

#define PKT_PROT_LEN 128



static u16 frag_get_pending_idx(skb_frag_t *frag)

{
@@ -145,7 +142,7 @@ static int max_required_rx_slots(struct xenvif *vif) 
	int max = DIV_ROUND_UP(vif->dev->mtu, PAGE_SIZE);



	/* XXX FIXME: RX path dependent on MAX_SKB_FRAGS */

	if (vif->can_sg || vif->gso || vif->gso_prefix)

	if (vif->can_sg || vif->gso_mask || vif->gso_prefix_mask)

		max += MAX_SKB_FRAGS + 1; /* extra_info + frags */



	return max;
@@ -317,6 +314,7 @@ static struct xenvif_rx_meta *get_next_rx_buffer(struct xenvif *vif, 
	req = RING_GET_REQUEST(&vif->rx, vif->rx.req_cons++);



	meta = npo->meta + npo->meta_prod++;

	meta->gso_type = XEN_NETIF_GSO_TYPE_NONE;

	meta->gso_size = 0;

	meta->size = 0;

	meta->id = req->id;
@@ -339,6 +337,7 @@ static void xenvif_gop_frag_copy(struct xenvif *vif, struct sk_buff *skb, 
	struct gnttab_copy *copy_gop;

	struct xenvif_rx_meta *meta;

	unsigned long bytes;

	int gso_type;



	/* Data must not cross a page boundary. */

	BUG_ON(size + offset > PAGE_SIZE<<compound_order(page));
@@ -397,7 +396,14 @@ static void xenvif_gop_frag_copy(struct xenvif *vif, struct sk_buff *skb, 
		}



		/* Leave a gap for the GSO descriptor. */

		if (*head && skb_shinfo(skb)->gso_size && !vif->gso_prefix)

		if (skb_shinfo(skb)->gso_type & SKB_GSO_TCPV4)

			gso_type = XEN_NETIF_GSO_TYPE_TCPV4;

		else if (skb_shinfo(skb)->gso_type & SKB_GSO_TCPV6)

			gso_type = XEN_NETIF_GSO_TYPE_TCPV6;

		else

			gso_type = XEN_NETIF_GSO_TYPE_NONE;



		if (*head && ((1 << gso_type) & vif->gso_mask))

			vif->rx.req_cons++;



		*head = 0; /* There must be something in this buffer now. */
@@ -428,14 +434,28 @@ static int xenvif_gop_skb(struct sk_buff *skb, 
	unsigned char *data;

	int head = 1;

	int old_meta_prod;

	int gso_type;

	int gso_size;



	old_meta_prod = npo->meta_prod;



	if (skb_shinfo(skb)->gso_type & SKB_GSO_TCPV4) {

		gso_type = XEN_NETIF_GSO_TYPE_TCPV4;

		gso_size = skb_shinfo(skb)->gso_size;

	} else if (skb_shinfo(skb)->gso_type & SKB_GSO_TCPV6) {

		gso_type = XEN_NETIF_GSO_TYPE_TCPV6;

		gso_size = skb_shinfo(skb)->gso_size;

	} else {

		gso_type = XEN_NETIF_GSO_TYPE_NONE;

		gso_size = 0;

	}



	/* Set up a GSO prefix descriptor, if necessary */

	if (skb_shinfo(skb)->gso_size && vif->gso_prefix) {

	if ((1 << skb_shinfo(skb)->gso_type) & vif->gso_prefix_mask) {

		req = RING_GET_REQUEST(&vif->rx, vif->rx.req_cons++);

		meta = npo->meta + npo->meta_prod++;

		meta->gso_size = skb_shinfo(skb)->gso_size;

		meta->gso_type = gso_type;

		meta->gso_size = gso_size;

		meta->size = 0;

		meta->id = req->id;

	}
@@ -443,10 +463,13 @@ static int xenvif_gop_skb(struct sk_buff *skb, 
	req = RING_GET_REQUEST(&vif->rx, vif->rx.req_cons++);

	meta = npo->meta + npo->meta_prod++;



	if (!vif->gso_prefix)

		meta->gso_size = skb_shinfo(skb)->gso_size;

	else

	if ((1 << gso_type) & vif->gso_mask) {

		meta->gso_type = gso_type;

		meta->gso_size = gso_size;

	} else {

		meta->gso_type = XEN_NETIF_GSO_TYPE_NONE;

		meta->gso_size = 0;

	}



	meta->size = 0;

	meta->id = req->id;
@@ -592,7 +615,8 @@ void xenvif_rx_action(struct xenvif *vif) 


		vif = netdev_priv(skb->dev);



		if (vif->meta[npo.meta_cons].gso_size && vif->gso_prefix) {

		if ((1 << vif->meta[npo.meta_cons].gso_type) &

		    vif->gso_prefix_mask) {

			resp = RING_GET_RESPONSE(&vif->rx,

						 vif->rx.rsp_prod_pvt++);
@@ -629,7 +653,8 @@ void xenvif_rx_action(struct xenvif *vif) 
					vif->meta[npo.meta_cons].size,

					flags);



		if (vif->meta[npo.meta_cons].gso_size && !vif->gso_prefix) {

		if ((1 << vif->meta[npo.meta_cons].gso_type) &

		    vif->gso_mask) {

			struct xen_netif_extra_info *gso =

				(struct xen_netif_extra_info *)

				RING_GET_RESPONSE(&vif->rx,
@@ -637,8 +662,8 @@ void xenvif_rx_action(struct xenvif *vif) 


			resp->flags |= XEN_NETRXF_extra_info;



			gso->u.gso.type = vif->meta[npo.meta_cons].gso_type;

			gso->u.gso.size = vif->meta[npo.meta_cons].gso_size;

			gso->u.gso.type = XEN_NETIF_GSO_TYPE_TCPV4;

			gso->u.gso.pad = 0;

			gso->u.gso.features = 0;
@@ -1101,15 +1126,20 @@ static int xenvif_set_skb_gso(struct xenvif *vif, 
		return -EINVAL;

	}



	/* Currently only TCPv4 S.O. is supported. */

	if (gso->u.gso.type != XEN_NETIF_GSO_TYPE_TCPV4) {

	switch (gso->u.gso.type) {

	case XEN_NETIF_GSO_TYPE_TCPV4:

		skb_shinfo(skb)->gso_type = SKB_GSO_TCPV4;

		break;

	case XEN_NETIF_GSO_TYPE_TCPV6:

		skb_shinfo(skb)->gso_type = SKB_GSO_TCPV6;

		break;

	default:

		netdev_err(vif->dev, "Bad GSO type %d.\n", gso->u.gso.type);

		xenvif_fatal_tx_err(vif);

		return -EINVAL;

	}



	skb_shinfo(skb)->gso_size = gso->u.gso.size;

	skb_shinfo(skb)->gso_type = SKB_GSO_TCPV4;



	/* Header must be checked, and gso_segs computed. */

	skb_shinfo(skb)->gso_type |= SKB_GSO_DODGY;
@@ -1118,61 +1148,74 @@ static int xenvif_set_skb_gso(struct xenvif *vif, 
	return 0;

}



static int checksum_setup(struct xenvif *vif, struct sk_buff *skb)

static inline void maybe_pull_tail(struct sk_buff *skb, unsigned int len)

{

	struct iphdr *iph;

	int err = -EPROTO;

	int recalculate_partial_csum = 0;



	/*

	 * A GSO SKB must be CHECKSUM_PARTIAL. However some buggy

	 * peers can fail to set NETRXF_csum_blank when sending a GSO

	 * frame. In this case force the SKB to CHECKSUM_PARTIAL and

	 * recalculate the partial checksum.

	if (skb_is_nonlinear(skb) && skb_headlen(skb) < len) {

		/* If we need to pullup then pullup to the max, so we

		 * won't need to do it again.

		 */

	if (skb->ip_summed != CHECKSUM_PARTIAL && skb_is_gso(skb)) {

		vif->rx_gso_checksum_fixup++;

		skb->ip_summed = CHECKSUM_PARTIAL;

		recalculate_partial_csum = 1;

		int target = min_t(int, skb->len, MAX_TCP_HEADER);

		__pskb_pull_tail(skb, target - skb_headlen(skb));

	}

}



	/* A non-CHECKSUM_PARTIAL SKB does not require setup. */

	if (skb->ip_summed != CHECKSUM_PARTIAL)

		return 0;

static int checksum_setup_ip(struct xenvif *vif, struct sk_buff *skb,

			     int recalculate_partial_csum)

{

	struct iphdr *iph = (void *)skb->data;

	unsigned int header_size;

	unsigned int off;

	int err = -EPROTO;



	if (skb->protocol != htons(ETH_P_IP))

		goto out;

	off = sizeof(struct iphdr);



	header_size = skb->network_header + off + MAX_IPOPTLEN;

	maybe_pull_tail(skb, header_size);



	off = iph->ihl * 4;



	iph = (void *)skb->data;

	switch (iph->protocol) {

	case IPPROTO_TCP:

		if (!skb_partial_csum_set(skb, 4 * iph->ihl,

		if (!skb_partial_csum_set(skb, off,

					  offsetof(struct tcphdr, check)))

			goto out;



		if (recalculate_partial_csum) {

			struct tcphdr *tcph = tcp_hdr(skb);



			header_size = skb->network_header +

				off +

				sizeof(struct tcphdr);

			maybe_pull_tail(skb, header_size);



			tcph->check = ~csum_tcpudp_magic(iph->saddr, iph->daddr,

							 skb->len - iph->ihl*4,

							 skb->len - off,

							 IPPROTO_TCP, 0);

		}

		break;

	case IPPROTO_UDP:

		if (!skb_partial_csum_set(skb, 4 * iph->ihl,

		if (!skb_partial_csum_set(skb, off,

					  offsetof(struct udphdr, check)))

			goto out;



		if (recalculate_partial_csum) {

			struct udphdr *udph = udp_hdr(skb);



			header_size = skb->network_header +

				off +

				sizeof(struct udphdr);

			maybe_pull_tail(skb, header_size);



			udph->check = ~csum_tcpudp_magic(iph->saddr, iph->daddr,

							 skb->len - iph->ihl*4,

							 skb->len - off,

							 IPPROTO_UDP, 0);

		}

		break;

	default:

		if (net_ratelimit())

			netdev_err(vif->dev,

				   "Attempting to checksum a non-TCP/UDP packet, dropping a protocol %d packet\n",

				   "Attempting to checksum a non-TCP/UDP packet, "

				   "dropping a protocol %d packet\n",

				   iph->protocol);

		goto out;

	}
@@ -1183,6 +1226,158 @@ out: 
	return err;

}



static int checksum_setup_ipv6(struct xenvif *vif, struct sk_buff *skb,

			       int recalculate_partial_csum)

{

	int err = -EPROTO;

	struct ipv6hdr *ipv6h = (void *)skb->data;

	u8 nexthdr;

	unsigned int header_size;

	unsigned int off;

	bool fragment;

	bool done;



	done = false;



	off = sizeof(struct ipv6hdr);



	header_size = skb->network_header + off;

	maybe_pull_tail(skb, header_size);



	nexthdr = ipv6h->nexthdr;



	while ((off <= sizeof(struct ipv6hdr) + ntohs(ipv6h->payload_len)) &&

	       !done) {

		switch (nexthdr) {

		case IPPROTO_DSTOPTS:

		case IPPROTO_HOPOPTS:

		case IPPROTO_ROUTING: {

			struct ipv6_opt_hdr *hp = (void *)(skb->data + off);



			header_size = skb->network_header +

				off +

				sizeof(struct ipv6_opt_hdr);

			maybe_pull_tail(skb, header_size);



			nexthdr = hp->nexthdr;

			off += ipv6_optlen(hp);

			break;

		}

		case IPPROTO_AH: {

			struct ip_auth_hdr *hp = (void *)(skb->data + off);



			header_size = skb->network_header +

				off +

				sizeof(struct ip_auth_hdr);

			maybe_pull_tail(skb, header_size);



			nexthdr = hp->nexthdr;

			off += (hp->hdrlen+2)<<2;

			break;

		}

		case IPPROTO_FRAGMENT:

			fragment = true;

			/* fall through */

		default:

			done = true;

			break;

		}

	}



	if (!done) {

		if (net_ratelimit())

			netdev_err(vif->dev, "Failed to parse packet header\n");

		goto out;

	}



	if (fragment) {

		if (net_ratelimit())

			netdev_err(vif->dev, "Packet is a fragment!\n");

		goto out;

	}



	switch (nexthdr) {

	case IPPROTO_TCP:

		if (!skb_partial_csum_set(skb, off,

					  offsetof(struct tcphdr, check)))

			goto out;



		if (recalculate_partial_csum) {

			struct tcphdr *tcph = tcp_hdr(skb);



			header_size = skb->network_header +

				off +

				sizeof(struct tcphdr);

			maybe_pull_tail(skb, header_size);



			tcph->check = ~csum_ipv6_magic(&ipv6h->saddr,

						       &ipv6h->daddr,

						       skb->len - off,

						       IPPROTO_TCP, 0);

		}

		break;

	case IPPROTO_UDP:

		if (!skb_partial_csum_set(skb, off,

					  offsetof(struct udphdr, check)))

			goto out;



		if (recalculate_partial_csum) {

			struct udphdr *udph = udp_hdr(skb);



			header_size = skb->network_header +

				off +

				sizeof(struct udphdr);

			maybe_pull_tail(skb, header_size);



			udph->check = ~csum_ipv6_magic(&ipv6h->saddr,

						       &ipv6h->daddr,

						       skb->len - off,

						       IPPROTO_UDP, 0);

		}

		break;

	default:

		if (net_ratelimit())

			netdev_err(vif->dev,

				   "Attempting to checksum a non-TCP/UDP packet, "

				   "dropping a protocol %d packet\n",

				   nexthdr);

		goto out;

	}



	err = 0;



out:

	return err;

}



static int checksum_setup(struct xenvif *vif, struct sk_buff *skb)

{

	int err = -EPROTO;

	int recalculate_partial_csum = 0;



	/* A GSO SKB must be CHECKSUM_PARTIAL. However some buggy

	 * peers can fail to set NETRXF_csum_blank when sending a GSO

	 * frame. In this case force the SKB to CHECKSUM_PARTIAL and

	 * recalculate the partial checksum.

	 */

	if (skb->ip_summed != CHECKSUM_PARTIAL && skb_is_gso(skb)) {

		vif->rx_gso_checksum_fixup++;

		skb->ip_summed = CHECKSUM_PARTIAL;

		recalculate_partial_csum = 1;

	}



	/* A non-CHECKSUM_PARTIAL SKB does not require setup. */

	if (skb->ip_summed != CHECKSUM_PARTIAL)

		return 0;



	if (skb->protocol == htons(ETH_P_IP))

		err = checksum_setup_ip(vif, skb, recalculate_partial_csum);

	else if (skb->protocol == htons(ETH_P_IPV6))

		err = checksum_setup_ipv6(vif, skb, recalculate_partial_csum);



	return err;

}



static bool tx_credit_exceeded(struct xenvif *vif, unsigned size)

{

	unsigned long now = jiffies;
@@ -1428,12 +1623,7 @@ static int xenvif_tx_submit(struct xenvif *vif, int budget) 


		xenvif_fill_frags(vif, skb);



		/*

		 * If the initial fragment was < PKT_PROT_LEN then

		 * pull through some bytes from the other fragments to

		 * increase the linear region to PKT_PROT_LEN bytes.

		 */

		if (skb_headlen(skb) < PKT_PROT_LEN && skb_is_nonlinear(skb)) {

		if (skb_is_nonlinear(skb) && skb_headlen(skb) < PKT_PROT_LEN) {

			int target = min_t(int, skb->len, PKT_PROT_LEN);

			__pskb_pull_tail(skb, target - skb_headlen(skb));

		}

drivers/net/xen-netback/xenbus.c

+49 −3
Original line number Diff line number Diff line
@@ -105,6 +105,22 @@ static int netback_probe(struct xenbus_device *dev, 
			goto abort_transaction;

		}



		err = xenbus_printf(xbt, dev->nodename, "feature-gso-tcpv6",

				    "%d", sg);

		if (err) {

			message = "writing feature-gso-tcpv6";

			goto abort_transaction;

		}



		/* We support partial checksum setup for IPv6 packets */

		err = xenbus_printf(xbt, dev->nodename,

				    "feature-ipv6-csum-offload",

				    "%d", 1);

		if (err) {

			message = "writing feature-ipv6-csum-offload";

			goto abort_transaction;

		}



		/* We support rx-copy path. */

		err = xenbus_printf(xbt, dev->nodename,

				    "feature-rx-copy", "%d", 1);
@@ -561,20 +577,50 @@ static int connect_rings(struct backend_info *be) 
		val = 0;

	vif->can_sg = !!val;



	vif->gso_mask = 0;

	vif->gso_prefix_mask = 0;



	if (xenbus_scanf(XBT_NIL, dev->otherend, "feature-gso-tcpv4",

			 "%d", &val) < 0)

		val = 0;

	vif->gso = !!val;

	if (val)

		vif->gso_mask |= GSO_BIT(TCPV4);



	if (xenbus_scanf(XBT_NIL, dev->otherend, "feature-gso-tcpv4-prefix",

			 "%d", &val) < 0)

		val = 0;

	vif->gso_prefix = !!val;

	if (val)

		vif->gso_prefix_mask |= GSO_BIT(TCPV4);



	if (xenbus_scanf(XBT_NIL, dev->otherend, "feature-gso-tcpv6",

			 "%d", &val) < 0)

		val = 0;

	if (val)

		vif->gso_mask |= GSO_BIT(TCPV6);



	if (xenbus_scanf(XBT_NIL, dev->otherend, "feature-gso-tcpv6-prefix",

			 "%d", &val) < 0)

		val = 0;

	if (val)

		vif->gso_prefix_mask |= GSO_BIT(TCPV6);



	if (vif->gso_mask & vif->gso_prefix_mask) {

		xenbus_dev_fatal(dev, err,

				 "%s: gso and gso prefix flags are not "

				 "mutually exclusive",

				 dev->otherend);

		return -EOPNOTSUPP;

	}



	if (xenbus_scanf(XBT_NIL, dev->otherend, "feature-no-csum-offload",

			 "%d", &val) < 0)

		val = 0;

	vif->csum = !val;

	vif->ip_csum = !val;



	if (xenbus_scanf(XBT_NIL, dev->otherend, "feature-ipv6-csum-offload",

			 "%d", &val) < 0)

		val = 0;

	vif->ipv6_csum = !!val;



	/* Map the shared frame, irq etc. */

	err = xenvif_connect(vif, tx_ring_ref, rx_ring_ref,

include/xen/interface/io/netif.h

+17 −1
Original line number Diff line number Diff line
@@ -50,6 +50,20 @@ 
 * node as before.

 */



/*

 * "feature-no-csum-offload" should be used to turn IPv4 TCP/UDP checksum

 * offload off or on. If it is missing then the feature is assumed to be on.

 * "feature-ipv6-csum-offload" should be used to turn IPv6 TCP/UDP checksum

 * offload on or off. If it is missing then the feature is assumed to be off.

 */



/*

 * "feature-gso-tcpv4" and "feature-gso-tcpv6" advertise the capability to

 * handle large TCP packets (in IPv4 or IPv6 form respectively). Neither

 * frontends nor backends are assumed to be capable unless the flags are

 * present.

 */



/*

 * This is the 'wire' format for packets:

 *  Request 1: xen_netif_tx_request  -- XEN_NETTXF_* (any flags)
@@ -95,8 +109,10 @@ struct xen_netif_tx_request { 
#define _XEN_NETIF_EXTRA_FLAG_MORE	(0)

#define  XEN_NETIF_EXTRA_FLAG_MORE	(1U<<_XEN_NETIF_EXTRA_FLAG_MORE)



/* GSO types - only TCPv4 currently supported. */

/* GSO types */

#define XEN_NETIF_GSO_TYPE_NONE		(0)

#define XEN_NETIF_GSO_TYPE_TCPV4	(1)

#define XEN_NETIF_GSO_TYPE_TCPV6	(2)



/*

 * This structure needs to fit within both netif_tx_request and

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