drivers: i2c_ll_stm32_v1: Reset i2c device on timeout

When, due to EMC, a spike happens on the SDA line the hardware hangs
and will not function anymore until the unit is reset.

By adding a timeout to the msg_read and msg_write function we can
detect that something went wrong, and when that happens reset
the I2C bus.

The reset will also reset all configuration, so before reseting
store all important registers and after reseting restore
those settings.

Signed-off-by: Erwin Rol <erwin@erwinrol.com>