Bluetooth: controller: split: Fix cmd disallowed and collision disconnects

Fix implementation to correctly cache the control procedures
initiatable by local and peer. And, fix feature exchange and
version information procedures from being disallowed by
having then as cached requests to the controller.

Relates to #15256 and commit 0dcfa3853782 ("Bluetooth:
controller: Fix cmd disallowed and collision disconnects").

Signed-off-by: Vinayak Kariappa Chettimada <vich@nordicsemi.no>