Commit cd61cfe8 authored by Evan Weinberg's avatar Evan Weinberg
Browse files

SNAP optimizations, taking advantage of improved data layouts, scratch memory,... 

SNAP optimizations, taking advantage of improved data layouts, scratch memory, and hierarchical parallelism.
parent c5ee78ca

src/KOKKOS/pair_snap_kokkos.h

+18 −2
Original line number Diff line number Diff line
@@ -37,12 +37,16 @@ struct TagPairSNAPBeta{}; 
struct TagPairSNAPComputeNeigh{};

struct TagPairSNAPPreUi{};

struct TagPairSNAPComputeUi{};

struct TagPairSNAPComputeUiTot{}; // new --- accumulate ulist into ulisttot separately

struct TagPairSNAPComputeUiCPU{}; 

struct TagPairSNAPComputeZi{};

struct TagPairSNAPComputeBi{};

struct TagPairSNAPZeroYi{};

struct TagPairSNAPComputeYi{};

struct TagPairSNAPComputeDuidrj{};

struct TagPairSNAPComputeDuidrjCPU{};

struct TagPairSNAPComputeDeidrj{};

struct TagPairSNAPComputeDeidrjCPU{};



template<class DeviceType>

class PairSNAPKokkos : public PairSNAP {
@@ -74,11 +78,17 @@ public: 
  void operator() (TagPairSNAPComputeNeigh,const typename Kokkos::TeamPolicy<DeviceType, TagPairSNAPComputeNeigh>::member_type& team) const;



  KOKKOS_INLINE_FUNCTION

  void operator() (TagPairSNAPPreUi,const int& ii) const;

  void operator() (TagPairSNAPPreUi,const typename Kokkos::TeamPolicy<DeviceType, TagPairSNAPPreUi>::member_type& team) const;



  KOKKOS_INLINE_FUNCTION

  void operator() (TagPairSNAPComputeUi,const typename Kokkos::TeamPolicy<DeviceType, TagPairSNAPComputeUi>::member_type& team) const;



  KOKKOS_INLINE_FUNCTION

  void operator() (TagPairSNAPComputeUiTot,const typename Kokkos::TeamPolicy<DeviceType, TagPairSNAPComputeUiTot>::member_type& team) const;



  KOKKOS_INLINE_FUNCTION

  void operator() (TagPairSNAPComputeUiCPU,const typename Kokkos::TeamPolicy<DeviceType, TagPairSNAPComputeUiCPU>::member_type& team) const;



  KOKKOS_INLINE_FUNCTION

  void operator() (TagPairSNAPComputeZi,const int& ii) const;
@@ -86,7 +96,7 @@ public: 
  void operator() (TagPairSNAPComputeBi,const typename Kokkos::TeamPolicy<DeviceType, TagPairSNAPComputeBi>::member_type& team) const;



  KOKKOS_INLINE_FUNCTION

  void operator() (TagPairSNAPZeroYi,const int& ii) const;

  void operator() (TagPairSNAPZeroYi,const typename Kokkos::TeamPolicy<DeviceType, TagPairSNAPZeroYi>::member_type& team) const;



  KOKKOS_INLINE_FUNCTION

  void operator() (TagPairSNAPComputeYi,const int& ii) const;
@@ -94,9 +104,15 @@ public: 
  KOKKOS_INLINE_FUNCTION

  void operator() (TagPairSNAPComputeDuidrj,const typename Kokkos::TeamPolicy<DeviceType, TagPairSNAPComputeDuidrj>::member_type& team) const;



  KOKKOS_INLINE_FUNCTION

  void operator() (TagPairSNAPComputeDuidrjCPU,const typename Kokkos::TeamPolicy<DeviceType, TagPairSNAPComputeDuidrjCPU>::member_type& team) const;



  KOKKOS_INLINE_FUNCTION

  void operator() (TagPairSNAPComputeDeidrj,const typename Kokkos::TeamPolicy<DeviceType, TagPairSNAPComputeDeidrj>::member_type& team) const;



  KOKKOS_INLINE_FUNCTION

  void operator() (TagPairSNAPComputeDeidrjCPU,const typename Kokkos::TeamPolicy<DeviceType, TagPairSNAPComputeDeidrjCPU>::member_type& team) const;



  KOKKOS_INLINE_FUNCTION

  void operator() (TagPairSNAPBeta,const typename Kokkos::TeamPolicy<DeviceType, TagPairSNAPBeta>::member_type& team) const;

src/KOKKOS/pair_snap_kokkos_impl.h

+243 −43
Original line number Diff line number Diff line
@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@ 
#include "kokkos.h"

#include "sna.h"



#include <chrono>



#define MAXLINE 1024

#define MAXWORD 3
@@ -194,17 +196,25 @@ void PairSNAPKokkos<DeviceType>::compute(int eflag_in, int vflag_in) 


  if (beta_max < inum) {

    beta_max = inum;

    d_beta = Kokkos::View<F_FLOAT**, DeviceType>("PairSNAPKokkos:beta",inum,ncoeff);

    // changed data layout to reflect new threading pattern

    //d_beta = Kokkos::View<F_FLOAT**, DeviceType>("PairSNAPKokkos:beta",inum,ncoeff);

    d_beta = Kokkos::View<F_FLOAT**, DeviceType>("PairSNAPKokkos:beta",ncoeff,inum);

    d_ninside = Kokkos::View<int*, DeviceType>("PairSNAPKokkos:ninside",inum);

  }



  chunk_size = MIN(chunksize,inum); // "chunksize" variable is set by user

  chunk_size = MIN(chunksize,inum);

  chunk_offset = 0;



  snaKK.grow_rij(chunk_size,max_neighs);



  EV_FLOAT ev;



  // lazy design

  int idxu_max = snaKK.idxu_max;



  int world_rank;

  MPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &world_rank);



  while (chunk_offset < inum) { // chunk up loop to prevent running out of memory



    EV_FLOAT ev_tmp;
@@ -217,15 +227,62 @@ void PairSNAPKokkos<DeviceType>::compute(int eflag_in, int vflag_in) 
    Kokkos::parallel_for("ComputeNeigh",policy_neigh,*this);



    //PreUi

    typename Kokkos::RangePolicy<DeviceType, TagPairSNAPPreUi> policy_preui(0,chunk_size);

    {

      int vector_length = 1;

      int team_size = 1;

      if (lmp->kokkos->ngpus != 0) {

        vector_length = 32;

        team_size = 32;//max_neighs;

        int team_size_max = Kokkos::TeamPolicy<DeviceType, TagPairSNAPPreUi>::team_size_max(*this);

        if (team_size*vector_length > team_size_max)

          team_size = team_size_max/vector_length;

      }

      typename Kokkos::TeamPolicy<DeviceType,TagPairSNAPPreUi> policy_preui((chunk_size+team_size-1)/team_size,team_size,vector_length);

      Kokkos::parallel_for("PreUi",policy_preui,*this);

    }



    // ComputeUI

    if (lmp->kokkos->ngpus == 0) { // CPU

      // Run a fused calculation of ulist and accumulation into ulisttot using atomics

      int vector_length = 1;

      int team_size = 1;



      typename Kokkos::TeamPolicy<DeviceType, TagPairSNAPComputeUiCPU> policy_ui_cpu(((chunk_size+team_size-1)/team_size)*max_neighs,team_size,vector_length);



      Kokkos::parallel_for("ComputeUiCPU",policy_ui_cpu,*this);

    } else { // GPU, vector parallelism, shared memory, separate ulist and ulisttot to avoid atomics



      // ComputeUi

      int vector_length = 32;

      int team_size = 4; // need to cap b/c of shared memory reqs

      int team_size_max = Kokkos::TeamPolicy<DeviceType, TagPairSNAPComputeUi>::team_size_max(*this);

      if (team_size*vector_length > team_size_max)

        team_size = team_size_max/vector_length;



      // scratch size: 2 * team_size * (twojmax+1)^2, to cover all `m1`,`m2` values

        // 2 is for double buffer

      typename Kokkos::TeamPolicy<DeviceType, TagPairSNAPComputeUi> policy_ui(((chunk_size+team_size-1)/team_size)*max_neighs,team_size,vector_length);



      typedef Kokkos::View< SNAcomplex*,

                            Kokkos::DefaultExecutionSpace::scratch_memory_space,

                            Kokkos::MemoryTraits<Kokkos::Unmanaged> >

              ScratchViewType;

      int scratch_size = ScratchViewType::shmem_size( 2 * team_size * (twojmax+1)*(twojmax+1));

      policy_ui = policy_ui.set_scratch_size(0, Kokkos::PerTeam( scratch_size ));



      Kokkos::parallel_for("ComputeUi",policy_ui,*this);



    //Ulisttot transpose

    snaKK.transpose_ulisttot();

      // ComputeUitot

      vector_length = 1;

      team_size = 128;

      team_size_max = Kokkos::TeamPolicy<DeviceType, TagPairSNAPComputeUiTot>::team_size_max(*this);

      if (team_size*vector_length > team_size_max)

        team_size = team_size_max/vector_length;



      typename Kokkos::TeamPolicy<DeviceType, TagPairSNAPComputeUiTot> policy_ui_tot(((idxu_max+team_size-1)/team_size)*chunk_size,team_size,vector_length);

      Kokkos::parallel_for("ComputeUiTot",policy_ui_tot,*this);

    }





    //Compute bispectrum

    if (quadraticflag || eflag) {
@@ -237,15 +294,28 @@ void PairSNAPKokkos<DeviceType>::compute(int eflag_in, int vflag_in) 
      //ComputeBi

      typename Kokkos::TeamPolicy<DeviceType, TagPairSNAPComputeBi> policy_bi(chunk_size,team_size,vector_length);

      Kokkos::parallel_for("ComputeBi",policy_bi,*this);



    }



    //Compute beta = dE_i/dB_i for all i in list

    typename Kokkos::TeamPolicy<DeviceType, TagPairSNAPBeta> policy_beta(chunk_size,team_size,vector_length);

    Kokkos::parallel_for("ComputeBeta",policy_beta,*this);



    //ComputeYi

    typename Kokkos::RangePolicy<DeviceType, TagPairSNAPZeroYi> policy_zero_yi(0,chunk_size);

    //ZeroYi

    {

      int vector_length = 1;

      int team_size = 1;

      int team_size_max = Kokkos::TeamPolicy<DeviceType, TagPairSNAPZeroYi>::team_size_max(*this);



#ifdef KOKKOS_ENABLE_CUDA

      team_size = 128;

      if (team_size*vector_length > team_size_max)

        team_size = team_size_max/vector_length;

#endif



      typename Kokkos::TeamPolicy<DeviceType, TagPairSNAPZeroYi> policy_zero_yi(((idxu_max+team_size-1)/team_size)*chunk_size,team_size,vector_length);

      Kokkos::parallel_for("ZeroYi",policy_zero_yi,*this);

    }



    //ComputeYi

    int idxz_max = snaKK.idxz_max;
@@ -253,12 +323,59 @@ void PairSNAPKokkos<DeviceType>::compute(int eflag_in, int vflag_in) 
    Kokkos::parallel_for("ComputeYi",policy_yi,*this);



    //ComputeDuidrj

    if (lmp->kokkos->ngpus == 0) { // CPU

      int vector_length = 1;

      int team_size = 1;

      

      typename Kokkos::TeamPolicy<DeviceType, TagPairSNAPComputeDuidrjCPU> policy_duidrj_cpu(((chunk_size+team_size-1)/team_size)*max_neighs,team_size,vector_length);

      snaKK.set_dir(-1); // technically doesn't do anything

      Kokkos::parallel_for("ComputeDuidrjCPU",policy_duidrj_cpu,*this);

    } else { // GPU, utilize scratch memory and splitting over dimensions



      int team_size_max = Kokkos::TeamPolicy<DeviceType, TagPairSNAPComputeDuidrj>::team_size_max(*this);

      int vector_length = 32;

      int team_size = 2; // need to cap b/c of shared memory reqs

      if (team_size*vector_length > team_size_max)

        team_size = team_size_max/vector_length;



      // scratch size: 2 * 2 * team_size * (twojmax+1)^2, to cover all `m1`,`m2` values

      // 2 is for double buffer

      typedef Kokkos::View< SNAcomplex*,

                          Kokkos::DefaultExecutionSpace::scratch_memory_space,

                          Kokkos::MemoryTraits<Kokkos::Unmanaged> >

            ScratchViewType;



      int scratch_size = ScratchViewType::shmem_size( 4 * team_size * (twojmax+1)*(twojmax+1));

      typename Kokkos::TeamPolicy<DeviceType, TagPairSNAPComputeDuidrj> policy_duidrj(((chunk_size+team_size-1)/team_size)*max_neighs,team_size,vector_length);

      policy_duidrj = policy_duidrj.set_scratch_size(0, Kokkos::PerTeam( scratch_size ));

      // Need to call three times, once for each direction

      for (int k = 0; k < 3; k++) {

        snaKK.set_dir(k);

        Kokkos::parallel_for("ComputeDuidrj",policy_duidrj,*this);

      }

    }



    //ComputeDeidrj

    if (lmp->kokkos->ngpus == 0) { // CPU

      int vector_length = 1;

      int team_size = 1;

    

      typename Kokkos::TeamPolicy<DeviceType, TagPairSNAPComputeDeidrjCPU> policy_deidrj_cpu(((chunk_size+team_size-1)/team_size)*max_neighs,team_size,vector_length);



      Kokkos::parallel_for("ComputeDeidrjCPU",policy_deidrj_cpu,*this);



    } else { // GPU, different loop strategy internally



      int team_size_max = Kokkos::TeamPolicy<DeviceType, TagPairSNAPComputeDeidrj>::team_size_max(*this);

      int vector_length = 32; // coalescing disaster right now, will fix later

      int team_size = 8; 

      if (team_size*vector_length > team_size_max)

        team_size = team_size_max/vector_length;



      typename Kokkos::TeamPolicy<DeviceType, TagPairSNAPComputeDeidrj> policy_deidrj(((chunk_size+team_size-1)/team_size)*max_neighs,team_size,vector_length);



      Kokkos::parallel_for("ComputeDeidrj",policy_deidrj,*this);

    }



    //ComputeForce

    if (eflag) {
@@ -284,6 +401,7 @@ void PairSNAPKokkos<DeviceType>::compute(int eflag_in, int vflag_in) 
    }

    ev += ev_tmp;

    chunk_offset += chunk_size;



  } // end while



  if (need_dup)
@@ -341,18 +459,18 @@ void PairSNAPKokkos<DeviceType>::operator() (TagPairSNAPBeta,const typename Kokk 
    d_coeffi(d_coeffelem,ielem,Kokkos::ALL);



  for (int icoeff = 0; icoeff < ncoeff; icoeff++)

    d_beta(ii,icoeff) = d_coeffi[icoeff+1];

    d_beta(icoeff,ii) = d_coeffi[icoeff+1];



  if (quadraticflag) {

    int k = ncoeff+1;

    for (int icoeff = 0; icoeff < ncoeff; icoeff++) {

      double bveci = my_sna.blist(ii,icoeff);

      d_beta(ii,icoeff) += d_coeffi[k]*bveci;

      double bveci = my_sna.blist(icoeff,ii);

      d_beta(icoeff,ii) += d_coeffi[k]*bveci;

      k++;

      for (int jcoeff = icoeff+1; jcoeff < ncoeff; jcoeff++) {

        double bvecj = my_sna.blist(ii,jcoeff);

        d_beta(ii,icoeff) += d_coeffi[k]*bvecj;

        d_beta(ii,jcoeff) += d_coeffi[k]*bveci;

        double bvecj = my_sna.blist(jcoeff,ii);

        d_beta(icoeff,ii) += d_coeffi[k]*bvecj;

        d_beta(jcoeff,ii) += d_coeffi[k]*bveci;

        k++;

      }

    }
@@ -503,9 +621,14 @@ void PairSNAPKokkos<DeviceType>::operator() (TagPairSNAPComputeNeigh,const typen 


template<class DeviceType>

KOKKOS_INLINE_FUNCTION

void PairSNAPKokkos<DeviceType>::operator() (TagPairSNAPPreUi,const int& ii) const {

void PairSNAPKokkos<DeviceType>::operator() (TagPairSNAPPreUi,const typename Kokkos::TeamPolicy<DeviceType, TagPairSNAPPreUi>::member_type& team) const {

  SNAKokkos<DeviceType> my_sna = snaKK;

  my_sna.pre_ui(ii);



  // Extract the atom number

  const int ii = team.team_rank() + team.team_size() * (team.league_rank() % ((chunk_size+team.team_size()-1)/team.team_size()));

  if (ii >= chunk_size) return;



  my_sna.pre_ui(team,ii);

}



template<class DeviceType>
@@ -514,8 +637,7 @@ void PairSNAPKokkos<DeviceType>::operator() (TagPairSNAPComputeUi,const typename 
  SNAKokkos<DeviceType> my_sna = snaKK;



  // Extract the atom number

  int ii = team.team_rank() + team.team_size() * (team.league_rank() %

           ((chunk_size+team.team_size()-1)/team.team_size()));

  int ii = team.team_rank() + team.team_size() * (team.league_rank() % ((chunk_size+team.team_size()-1)/team.team_size()));

  if (ii >= chunk_size) return;



  // Extract the neighbor number
@@ -528,9 +650,54 @@ void PairSNAPKokkos<DeviceType>::operator() (TagPairSNAPComputeUi,const typename 


template<class DeviceType>

KOKKOS_INLINE_FUNCTION

void PairSNAPKokkos<DeviceType>::operator() (TagPairSNAPZeroYi,const int& ii) const {

void PairSNAPKokkos<DeviceType>::operator() (TagPairSNAPComputeUiTot,const typename Kokkos::TeamPolicy<DeviceType, TagPairSNAPComputeUiTot>::member_type& team) const {

  SNAKokkos<DeviceType> my_sna = snaKK;

  my_sna.zero_yi(ii);



  // Extract the quantum number

  const int idx = team.team_rank() + team.team_size() * (team.league_rank() % ((my_sna.idxu_max+team.team_size()-1)/team.team_size()));

  if (idx >= my_sna.idxu_max) return;



  // Extract the atomic index

  const int ii = team.league_rank() / ((my_sna.idxu_max+team.team_size()-1)/team.team_size());

  if (ii >= chunk_size) return;



  // Extract the number of neighbors neighbor number

  const int ninside = d_ninside(ii);



  my_sna.compute_uitot(team,idx,ii,ninside);

}



template<class DeviceType>

KOKKOS_INLINE_FUNCTION

void PairSNAPKokkos<DeviceType>::operator() (TagPairSNAPComputeUiCPU,const typename Kokkos::TeamPolicy<DeviceType, TagPairSNAPComputeUiCPU>::member_type& team) const {

  SNAKokkos<DeviceType> my_sna = snaKK;



  // Extract the atom number

  int ii = team.team_rank() + team.team_size() * (team.league_rank() % ((chunk_size+team.team_size()-1)/team.team_size()));

  if (ii >= chunk_size) return;



  // Extract the neighbor number

  const int jj = team.league_rank() / ((chunk_size+team.team_size()-1)/team.team_size());

  const int ninside = d_ninside(ii);

  if (jj >= ninside) return;



  my_sna.compute_ui_cpu(team,ii,jj);

}



template<class DeviceType>

KOKKOS_INLINE_FUNCTION

void PairSNAPKokkos<DeviceType>::operator() (TagPairSNAPZeroYi,const typename Kokkos::TeamPolicy<DeviceType, TagPairSNAPZeroYi>::member_type& team) const {

  SNAKokkos<DeviceType> my_sna = snaKK;



  // Extract the quantum number

  const int idx = team.team_rank() + team.team_size() * (team.league_rank() % ((my_sna.idxu_max+team.team_size()-1)/team.team_size()));

  if (idx >= my_sna.idxu_max) return;



  // Extract the atomic index

  const int ii = team.league_rank() / ((my_sna.idxu_max+team.team_size()-1)/team.team_size());

  if (ii >= chunk_size) return;



  my_sna.zero_yi(idx,ii);

}



template<class DeviceType>
@@ -561,8 +728,7 @@ void PairSNAPKokkos<DeviceType>::operator() (TagPairSNAPComputeDuidrj,const type 
  SNAKokkos<DeviceType> my_sna = snaKK;



  // Extract the atom number

  int ii = team.team_rank() + team.team_size() * (team.league_rank() %

           ((chunk_size+team.team_size()-1)/team.team_size()));

  int ii = team.team_rank() + team.team_size() * (team.league_rank() % ((chunk_size+team.team_size()-1)/team.team_size()));

  if (ii >= chunk_size) return;



  // Extract the neighbor number
@@ -573,14 +739,31 @@ void PairSNAPKokkos<DeviceType>::operator() (TagPairSNAPComputeDuidrj,const type 
  my_sna.compute_duidrj(team,ii,jj);

}



template<class DeviceType>

KOKKOS_INLINE_FUNCTION

void PairSNAPKokkos<DeviceType>::operator() (TagPairSNAPComputeDuidrjCPU,const typename Kokkos::TeamPolicy<DeviceType, TagPairSNAPComputeDuidrjCPU>::member_type& team) const {

  SNAKokkos<DeviceType> my_sna = snaKK;



  // Extract the atom number

  int ii = team.team_rank() + team.team_size() * (team.league_rank() % ((chunk_size+team.team_size()-1)/team.team_size()));

  if (ii >= chunk_size) return;



  // Extract the neighbor number

  const int jj = team.league_rank() / ((chunk_size+team.team_size()-1)/team.team_size());

  const int ninside = d_ninside(ii);

  if (jj >= ninside) return;



  my_sna.compute_duidrj_cpu(team,ii,jj);

}





template<class DeviceType>

KOKKOS_INLINE_FUNCTION

void PairSNAPKokkos<DeviceType>::operator() (TagPairSNAPComputeDeidrj,const typename Kokkos::TeamPolicy<DeviceType, TagPairSNAPComputeDeidrj>::member_type& team) const {

  SNAKokkos<DeviceType> my_sna = snaKK;



  // Extract the atom number

  int ii = team.team_rank() + team.team_size() * (team.league_rank() %

           ((chunk_size+team.team_size()-1)/team.team_size()));

  int ii = team.team_rank() + team.team_size() * (team.league_rank() % ((chunk_size+team.team_size()-1)/team.team_size()));

  if (ii >= chunk_size) return;



  // Extract the neighbor number
@@ -591,6 +774,23 @@ void PairSNAPKokkos<DeviceType>::operator() (TagPairSNAPComputeDeidrj,const type 
  my_sna.compute_deidrj(team,ii,jj);

}



template<class DeviceType>

KOKKOS_INLINE_FUNCTION

void PairSNAPKokkos<DeviceType>::operator() (TagPairSNAPComputeDeidrjCPU,const typename Kokkos::TeamPolicy<DeviceType, TagPairSNAPComputeDeidrjCPU>::member_type& team) const {

  SNAKokkos<DeviceType> my_sna = snaKK;



  // Extract the atom number

  int ii = team.team_rank() + team.team_size() * (team.league_rank() % ((chunk_size+team.team_size()-1)/team.team_size()));

  if (ii >= chunk_size) return;



  // Extract the neighbor number

  const int jj = team.league_rank() / ((chunk_size+team.team_size()-1)/team.team_size());

  const int ninside = d_ninside(ii);

  if (jj >= ninside) return;

 

  my_sna.compute_deidrj_cpu(team,ii,jj);

}



template<class DeviceType>

template<int NEIGHFLAG, int EVFLAG>

KOKKOS_INLINE_FUNCTION
@@ -658,17 +858,17 @@ void PairSNAPKokkos<DeviceType>::operator() (TagPairSNAPComputeForce<NEIGHFLAG,E 
        // linear contributions

        

        for (int icoeff = 0; icoeff < ncoeff; icoeff++)

          evdwl += d_coeffi[icoeff+1]*my_sna.blist(ii,icoeff);

          evdwl += d_coeffi[icoeff+1]*my_sna.blist(icoeff,ii);

        

        // quadratic contributions

        

        if (quadraticflag) {

          int k = ncoeff+1;

          for (int icoeff = 0; icoeff < ncoeff; icoeff++) {

            double bveci = my_sna.blist(ii,icoeff);

            double bveci = my_sna.blist(icoeff,ii);

            evdwl += 0.5*d_coeffi[k++]*bveci*bveci;

            for (int jcoeff = icoeff+1; jcoeff < ncoeff; jcoeff++) {

              double bvecj = my_sna.blist(ii,jcoeff);

              double bvecj = my_sna.blist(jcoeff,ii);

              evdwl += d_coeffi[k++]*bveci*bvecj;

            }

          }

src/KOKKOS/sna_kokkos.h

+91 −46

File changed.

Preview size limit exceeded, changes collapsed.

src/KOKKOS/sna_kokkos_impl.h

+587 −178

File changed.

Preview size limit exceeded, changes collapsed.

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