Theory (理论部分)
1.Cooling Techniques (制冷技术)
The first, second and third weeks: 1. Liquefaction of Gases and Bath Cryostats: Expansion Engines, Joule–
Thomson Expansion, Separation of N2 and O2, Storage of LT liquids and Bath Cryostats; 2. Evaporation
Cryostats; 3 Closed-Cycle Refrigerators; * 4 Dilution Refrigerators; 5 Pomeranchuk Cooling; * 6 Adiabatic
Demagnetization; 7 Nuclear Spin Demagnetization; (第一-三周:1 气体液化和低温恒温器:绝热膨胀发动机、焦
耳汤姆森膨胀过程、分离 N2 和 O2、低温液体储存和低温恒温器 2 蒸发制冷机 3 闭循环制冷机* 4 稀释制冷机 5
Pomeranchuk 制冷* 6 绝热消磁制冷 7 核自旋退磁制冷)
2.Thermometry (测温)
The fourth and fifth weeks: A. Primary Thermometers 1 Gas Thermometers 2 Vapor-Pressure Thermometers 3
3He Melting-Curve Thermometer 4 Noise Thermometers 5 Superconducting Fixed-Point Thermometers 6 Nuclear-
Orientation Thermometers * (第四、五周:第一类温度计:1、气体温度计 2 、蒸汽压温度计 3、氦 3 熔融曲线温
度计 4、噪音温度计 5、超导体固定温度点温度计 6、原子核取向温度计)
The sixth and seventh weeks: B. Secondary Thermometers 1 Resistance Thermometers 2 Thermoelectric
Elements 3 Capacitive Thermometers * 4 Magnetic Thermometers * 5 Nuclear Spin Resonance Thermometers
(第六、七周:第二类温度计 1、电阻温度计 2、热电温度计 3、电容温度计 4、磁温度计 5、核自旋共振温度计)
3.Superconductivity (超导)
The eighth and ninth weeks: A. Phenomenological observations 1. Zero resistance 2. Superconducting transition
temperature 3. Meissner–Ochsenfeld Effect 4. Critical field and types I & II 5. London Equations and penetration
depth (第八、九周:A 现象学 1、零电阻 2、超导转变温度 3、
Meissner-Ochsenfeld 效应 4.关键场和第 I 和 II 类超导体 5.伦敦方程和渗透深度)
The tenth and eleventh weeks: B. BCS Theory 1. Cooper Pairs 2. BCS Ground State 3. Excitation of the BCS
Ground State 4. BCS State at Finite Temperatures 5. Measurement of the Energy Gap 6. Tunneling Experiments 7.
Critical Current and Energy Gap (第十、十一周:B. BCS 理论 1.库珀对 2. BCS 基态 3. BCS 基态的激励 4.有限温