课程大纲

COURSE SYLLABUS

课程代码

名称

Course Code/Title

海洋生物地球化学循环

Marine Biogeochemical Cycles

课程性质

Compulsory/Elective

专业选修 Major Elective

课程学分

学时

Course Credit/Hours

3 / 48

授课语言

Teaching Language

英语 English

授课教师

Instructor(s)

Mark James Hopwood

是否面向本科生开放

Open to undergraduates

or not

否 No

先修要求

Pre-requisites

（如面向本科生开放，请注明区分内容。 If the course is open to

undergraduates, please indicate the difference.）

Undergraduate modules in biology, chemistry or physics.

无，但是建议有本科生物、化学或者物理背景

None, but some undergraduate background in biology, chemistry or physics

is suggested.

教学目标

Course Objectives

（如面向本科生开放，请注明区分内容。 If the course is open to undergraduates, please indicate the

difference.）

The ocean is a sink for anthropogenic carbon and a protein source for a significant fraction of the

world’s population. Despite its vast volume, the ocean is not immune to the effects of anthropogenic

climate change. Ocean acidification, ocean deoxygenation and ocean warming all affect the

biogeochemical functioning of marine environments and may have feedbacks on the associated

ecosystem services that benefit humanity. In this module we will study the cycling of nutrients and

elements within the ocean, assess how these cycles are affected by ongoing climate change, and

evaluate whether or not there is potential for these cycles to be artificially manipulated to help

humanity address the challenges of climate change. A key skill developed in this module will be the

ability to find, read and review scientific papers at the cutting-edge of marine science research.

海洋是人类活动产生的碳元素的调节池，也是全球相当一部分人口的一个重要的蛋白质来源。尽

管体量巨大，海洋并不是完全不受人类活动造成的气候变化的影响。海洋的酸化、脱氧和升温都

会影响海洋环境的生物地球化学功能，并且可能影响和人类息息相关的和海洋相关联的生态系

统。在此背景下，本课程将主要着眼于海洋中营养和元素的循环，这些循环会如何被当下的气候

变化影响，以及评估这些循环是否有被人为控制的可能。这将帮助人类应对气候变化带来的挑

战。技能方面，学生将学习在海洋科研领域如何查找、阅读以及评论科研论文。

教学方法

Teaching Methods

（如面向本科生开放，请注明区分内容。 If the course is open to undergraduates, please indicate the

difference.）

Following the chapters of the textbook, lectures will be given to students. Self-written lecture notes and

multimedia teaching methods will be integrated into the course.

主要为理论讲授，遵循教材编排循序渐进，结合自编讲义和多媒体教学优势进行实际教学。

10.

教学内容

Course Contents

（如面向本科生开放，请注明区分内容。 If the course is open to undergraduates, please indicate the

difference.）

Section 1

Introduction to Marine Biogeochemical Cycles

海洋生物地球化学循环简介

Section 2

Why do marine biogeochemical cycles matter?

为什么海洋生物地球化学循环很重要？

Section 3

Playing with data, how to look at the ocean in 4 dimensions

数据分析，如何从四维的角度去认识海洋

Section 4

Bottom-up controls on primary production in the ocean Part A Nutrients.

自下而上的海洋初级生产机制控制 – 第一部分：营养物质

Section 5

Bottom-up controls on primary production in the ocean Part B Micro-

Nutrients.

自下而上的海洋初级生产机制控制 – 第二部分：微营养物质

Section 6

Chemical warfare, suicide and starvation: The Haber-Bosch Process and its

far-reaching implications for Earth.

化学战争、自我了结以及忍饥挨饿：哈伯-博世过程及其对地球的深

远影响

Section 7

Top-down controls on primary production in the ocean

自上而下的海洋生产机制控制

Section 8

Inorganic carbon in the ocean

海洋中的无机碳

Section 9

Basic math for biogeochemical oceanographers

生物地球化学海洋学中的数学应用

Section 10

The biological carbon pump

生物碳泵

Section 11

Carbon export efficiency

碳输出效率

Section 12

“Give me a tanker of iron and I will produce an ice age” Iron, carbon and

climate change

“给我一箱铁，我可以创造一个冰河世纪”铁、碳以及气候变化

Section 13

Oxygen, what drives ocean deoxygenation?

氧气 – 什么驱动着海洋脱氧过程？

Section 14

Ocean freshening, changes at the cryosphere-ocean interface

海洋的更新，冰冻圈-海洋界面的变化

Section 15

Multi-stressors, how does the ocean respond to multiple changes – a case

study in the Arctic?

多重压力源，海洋如何适应多重变化 – 北冰洋的个案分析

Section 16

Multi-stressors, how does ocean respond to multiple changes – a case

study in the Mediterranean?

多重压力源，海洋如何适应多重变化 – 地中海的个案分析

Section 17

A basic over-view of global biogeochemical and physical models from a

policy perspective. Where are the uncertainties and how can we help

reduce them?

从政策的角度对全球生物地球化学和物理模型进行基本概述。有哪些

不确定性，我们能够做些什么？

Section 18

Case study, the Anthropocene, how has industry changed global oceanic

metal cycles?

个案分析，人类世，工业是如何改变海洋金属循环的？

Section 19

Case study, the Anthropocene, how have plastics changed the marine

carbon cycle?

个案分析，人类世，塑料是如何改变海洋碳循环的？

Section 20

Case study, how will “Atlantification” of the Arctic affect future marine

biogeochemistry?

个案分析，北冰洋的“大西洋化”会如何影响未来的海洋生物地球化

学？

Section 21

Case study, how will deoxygenation in Peru affect future marine

biogeochemistry?

个案分析，秘鲁地区的脱氧效应会如何影响未来的海洋生物地球化

学？

Section 22

Case study, how will increasing runoff in Greenland affect future marine

biogeochemistry?

个案分析，格陵兰的径流会如何影响未来的海洋生物地球化学？

Section 23

Geoengineering case study, how do we evaluate what methods to test

further? Open assignment (Power Point, 12 minute oral assessment)

地球工程个案分析，我们如何评估进一步的测试方法？开放式大作业

（ppt， 12 分钟口试）

Section 24

Geoengineering case study, how do we evaluate what methods to test

further? Open assignment (Power Point, 12 minute oral assessment)

地球工程个案分析，我们如何评估进一步的测试方法？开放式大作业

（ppt， 12 分钟口试）

11.

课程考核

Course Assessment

（

○

,1考核形式 Form of examination；

○

,2.分数构成 grading policy；

○

,3如面向本科生开放，请注明区分内

容。 If the course is open to undergraduates, please indicate the difference.）

Attendance 出勤 20%; Final assignment 期末大作业 80%.

12.

教材及其它参考资料

Textbook and Supplementary Readings

Textbook

Marine Biogeochemical Cycles, Edited by Rachael H. James

Reading (during lectures/workshops)

Bach, L. T., Paul, A. J., Boxhammer, T., von der Esch, E., Graco, M., Schulz, K. G., Achterberg, E., Aguayo,

P., Arístegui, J., Ayón, P., Baños, I., Bernales, A., Boegeholz, A. S., Chavez, F., Chavez, G., Chen, S.-M.,

Doering, K., Filella, A., Fischer, M., Grasse, P., Haunost, M., Hennke, J., Hernández-Hernández, N.,

Hopwood, M., Igarza, M., Kalter, V., Kittu, L., Kohnert, P., Ledesma, J., Lieberum, C., Lischka, S., Löscher,

C., Ludwig, A., Mendoza, U., Meyer, J., Meyer, J., Minutolo, F., Cortes, J. O., Piiparinen, J., Sforna, C.,

Spilling, K., Sanchez, S., Spisla, C., Sswat, M., Moreira, M. Z. and Riebesell, U.: Factors controlling

plankton community production, export flux, and particulate matter stoichiometry in the coastal

upwelling system off Peru, Biogeosciences, 17(19), doi:10.5194/bg-17-4831-2020, 2020.

Bristow, L. A., Mohr, W., Ahmerkamp, S. and Kuypers, M. M. M.: Nutrients that limit growth in the

ocean, Curr. Biol., 27(11), R474–R478, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.03.030, 2017.

Browning, T. J., Achterberg, E. P., Rapp, I., Engel, A., Bertrand, E. M., Tagliabue, A. and Moore, C. M.:

Nutrient co-limitation at the boundary of an oceanic gyre, Nature, doi:10.1038/nature24063, 2017.

Erisman, J. W., Sutton, M. A., Galloway, J., Klimont, Z. and Winiwarter, W.: How a century of ammonia

synthesis changed the world, Nat. Geosci., 1(10), 636–639, doi:10.1038/ngeo325, 2008.

Henson, S., Le Moigne, F. and Giering, S.: Drivers of Carbon Export Efficiency in the Global Ocean, Global

Biogeochem. Cycles, 33(7), 891–903, doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GB006158, 2019.

Hopwood, M. J., Carroll, D., Dunse, T., Hodson, A., Holding, J. M., Iriarte, J. L., Ribeiro, S., Achterberg, E.

P., Cantoni, C., Carlson, D. F., Chierici, M., Clarke, J. S., Cozzi, S., Fransson, A., Juul-Pedersen, T., Winding,

M. S. and Meire, L.: Review Article: How does glacier discharge affect marine biogeochemistry and

primary production in the Arctic?, Cryosph., 14, 1347–1383, doi:10.5194/tc-2019-136, 2020.

Krisch, S., Browning, T. J., Graeve, M., Ludwichowski, K.-U., Lodeiro, P., Hopwood, M. J., Roig, S., Yong,

J.-C., Kanzow, T. and Achterberg, E. P.: The influence of Arctic Fe and Atlantic fixed N on summertime

primary production in Fram Strait, North Greenland Sea, Sci. Rep., 10(1), 15230, doi:10.1038/s41598-

020-72100-9, 2020.

Larsen, A., Egge, J. K., Nejstgaard, J. C., Di Capua, I., Thyrhaug, R., Bratbak, G. and Thingstad, T. F.:

Contrasting response to nutrient manipulation in Arctic mesocosms are reproduced by a minimum

microbial food web model., Limnol. Oceanogr., 60(2), 360–374, doi:10.1002/lno.10025, 2015.

Law, K. L.: Plastics in the Marine Environment, Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci., 9(1), 205–229, doi:10.1146/annurev-

marine-010816-060409, 2017.

Martin, J. H., Gordon, R. M. and Fitzwater, S. E.: Iron in Antarctic waters, Nature, 345, 156–158,

doi:10.1038/345156a0, 1990.

Millero, F. J.: The Marine Inorganic Carbon Cycle, Chem. Rev., 107(2), 308–341, doi:10.1021/cr0503557,

2007.

Oschlies, A., Brandt, P., Stramma, L. and Schmidtko, S.: Drivers and mechanisms of ocean

deoxygenation, Nat. Geosci., doi:10.1038/s41561-018-0152-2, 2018.

Rusiecka, D., Gledhill, M., Milne, A., Achterberg, E. P., Annett, A. L., Atkinson, S., Birchill, A., Karstensen,

J., Lohan, M., Mariez, C., Middag, R., Rolison, J. M., Tanhua, T., Ussher, S. and Connelly, D.:

Anthropogenic Signatures of Lead in the Northeast Atlantic, Geophys. Res. Lett., 45(6), 2734–2743,

doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL076825, 2018.

Sanders, R., Henson, S. A., Koski, M., De La Rocha, C. L., Painter, S. C., Poulton, A. J., Riley, J., Salihoglu,

B., Visser, A., Yool, A., Bellerby, R. and Martin, A. P.: The Biological Carbon Pump in the North Atlantic,

Prog. Oceanogr., 129, 200–218, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2014.05.005, 2014.

Schlitzer, R., Anderson, R. F., Dodas, E. M., Lohan, M., Geibert, W., Tagliabue, A., Bowie, A., Jeandel, C.,

Maldonado, M. T., Landing, W. M., Cockwell, D., Abadie, C., Abouchami, W., Achterberg, E. P., Agather,

A., Aguliar-Islas, A., van Aken, H. M., Andersen, M., Archer, C., Auro, M., de Baar, H. J., Baars, O., Baker,

A. R., Bakker, K., Basak, C., Baskaran, M., Bates, N. R., Bauch, D., van Beek, P., Behrens, M. K., Black, E.,

Bluhm, K., Bopp, L., Bouman, H., Bowman, K., Bown, J., Boyd, P., Boye, M., Boyle, E. A., Branellec, P.,

Bridgestock, L., Brissebrat, G., Browning, T., Bruland, K. W., Brumsack, H.-J., Brzezinski, M., Buck, C. S.,

Buck, K. N., Buesseler, K., Bull, A., Butler, E., Cai, P., Mor, P. C., Cardinal, D., Carlson, C., Carrasco, G.,

Casacuberta, N., Casciotti, K. L., Castrillejo, M., Chamizo, E., Chance, R., Charette, M. A., Chaves, J. E.,

Cheng, H., Chever, F., Christl, M., Church, T. M., Closset, I., Colman, A., Conway, T. M., Cossa, D., Croot,

P., Cullen, J. T., Cutter, G. A., Daniels, C., Dehairs, F., Deng, F., Dieu, H. T., Duggan, B., Dulaquais, G.,

Dumousseaud, C., Echegoyen-Sanz, Y., Edwards, R. L., Ellwood, M., Fahrbach, E., Fitzsimmons, J. N.,

Russell Flegal, A., Fleisher, M. Q., van de Flierdt, T., Frank, M., Friedrich, J., Fripiat, F., Fröllje, H., Galer, S.

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