课程详述

COURSE SPECIFICATION

以下课程信息可能根据实际授课需要或在课程检讨之后产生变动。如对课程有任何疑问，请联

系授课教师。

The course information as follows may be subject to change, either during the session because of unforeseen

circumstances, or following review of the course at the end of the session. Queries about the course should be

directed to the course instructor.

课程名称 Course Title

海洋地质学 Marine Geology

授课院系

Originating Department

海洋科学与工程系 Department of Ocean Science and Engineering

课程编号

Course Code

OCE306

课程学分 Credit Value

课程类别

Course Type

专业核心课 Major Core Courses

授课学期

Semester

春季 Spring

授课语言

Teaching Language

中英双语 English & Chinese

授课教师、所属学系、联系方

式（如属团队授课，请列明其

他授课教师）

Instructor(s), Affiliation&

Contact

（For team teaching, please list

all instructors）

刘青松海洋科学与工程系创园 9 栋 505 0755-88018789

Dr. Qingsong Liu, Department of Ocean Sciences and Engineering, Chuang Yuan 9-

505, 0755-88018789

实验员/助教、所属学系、联系

方式

Tutor/TA(s), Contact

无 NA

10.

选课人数限额(可不填)

Maximum Enrolment

（Optional）

授课方式

Delivery Method

讲授

Lectures

习题/辅导/讨论

Tutorials

实验/实习

Lab/Practical

其它(请具体注明)

Other（Please specify）

总学时

Total

11.

学时数

Credit Hours

12.

先修课程、其它学习要求

Pre-requisites or Other

Academic Requirements

OCE303 普通地质学 Physical Geology

13.

后续课程、其它学习规划

Courses for which this course

is a pre-requisite

14.

其它要求修读本课程的学系

Cross-listing Dept.

教学大纲及教学日历 SYLLABUS

15.

教学目标 Course Objectives

本课程为海洋科学本科生的专业核心课。本课程主要介绍海洋地质学的研究对象、研究内容、发展历程、调查研究方

法及本学科所涉及的基本知识和基础理论，重点阐述海底地形地貌、大陆边缘与深海沉积、海底构造、古海洋学、海洋地

质调查技术以及海洋灾害与预防。本课程为寻找海洋资源、建设海洋工程、预测和防治海洋地质灾害、保护海洋生态环

境、维护国家海洋权益等方面提供科学依据。

This course is designed for all the undergraduate students major in Marine Sciences. This course introduces basic

theories, contents, and objectives of marine geology. The major topics include morphology of the sea floor, marginal

seas, paleoceanography, tectonics, and marine survey, etc. The course provides the scientific supports for surveying

marine resources, marine engineering, marine geological disasters, protection of marine ecology, and etc.

16.

预达学习成果 Learning Outcomes

通过本课程学习，学生将了解海洋地质的基本原理及主要研究内容，能够解释各种沉积类型的地质含义。

In this course, students will investigate theories and research scope of marine geology. They can interpret various

kinds of geological depositions.

17.

课程内容及教学日历（如授课语言以英文为主，则课程内容介绍可以用英文；如团队教学或模块教学，教学日历须注明

主讲人）

Course Contents (in Parts/Chapters/Sections/Weeks. Please notify name of instructor for course section(s), if

this is a team teaching or module course.)

Chapter One: Introduction (2 credit hours)

Questions：

1. What are the main drivers promoted the recent development of Marine Geology?

2. How many stages are there in the development history of Marine Geology? What are the main academic ideas in

each stage?

Readings：

Manten, A.A., 1964. The origin of marine geology. Marine Geology 2, 1-28.

Deacon M, 1971.Scientist and the Sea, 1650-1900: A study of Marine science. London: Academic press.

James P. Kennett, 1981.Marine Geology, Introduction.

Manten, A.A., 1964. The origin of marine geology. Marine Geology 2, 1-28.

Chapter Two: Structure of the Earth and Lithosphere of Seafloor (4 credit hours)

Questions：

1.What are the differences between continental lithosphere and Oceanic Lithosphere？

2.What is the structure and composition of the standard oceanic crust？

3. What are the differences between the continental crust and oceanic crust？

4. What is the scientific significance of the Heterogeneity of Asthenosphere？

Readings：

Kump LR, Kasting JF, and Crane RC, 1999. The Earth System. London: prentice-hall.

Fowler CMR, 1990. The solid earth, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

James P. Kennett, 1981. Marine Geology, Introduction.

Chapter Three：Tectonics of Seafloor (6 credit hours)

Questions：

1. Are there any shortages of the theory of ocean floor spreading?

2. List the main tectonic structures of the ocean mid-ridge.

3. How many types of the Lithospheric plate boundary are there? What are the characteristics of them?

4. List the factors influence the quality of magmatic rock.

5. What is the subduction of plate? How does it happen?

Readings：

Moores EM and Twiss RJ, 1995. Tectonics, New York: WH Freeman.

Perfit MR and Davidson JP, 2000. Plate Tectonics and Volcanism. In: Sigurdsoon H (ed) ENcyclopedia of Volcanoes.

San Diego: Academic Press.

Solomon SC and Toomey DR, 1992. The structure of Mid-ocean Ridges. Annual review of Earth and Planetary Sciences

20: 329-364.

Nicolas A, 1990. The Mid-Ocean Ridge. Springer Verlag, Berlin.

Hey RN, Sinton JM, Duennebier FK, 1989. Progagating rifts and spreading centers. In : Winterer EL, Hussong DM, and

Decker RW（eds.） Decade of North American geology: The Eastern Pacific Ocean and Hawaii, PP161-176.

Price JF, 2001. Subduction, In： Ocean circulation and Climate： Observing and Modelling the Clobal Ocean， G.

Siedler, J.Church and J. Gould (eds), Academic Press, pp. 357-371

Chapter Four: Topography and Geomorphology of Seafloor (6 credit hours)

Questions：

1. List different tectonic units of sea floor and think about their characteristics.

2. What is the topographic and geomorphological character of continental shelf?

3. List the main geomorphological types of continental margins and their characteristics.

4. What is coastal? List the different types of them.

Readings：

Fowler CMR, 1990. The solid earth, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Bird ECF, 1984. Coasts, 3rd edn, London: Blackwell.

Burk CA and Drake CL(eds), 1974. The Geology of Continental margins. New York” Springer-Verlag.

Trenhaile AS，1997. Coastal dynamics and landforms. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Floyd PA (ed.), 1991. Oceanic Basalts. Glasgow: Blackie and Son.

Chapter Five: Factors of Marine Environment (4 credit hours)

Questions：

1. How do sea waves, tides, and ocean currents influence sea floor?

2. What is pycnocline, halocline, and CCD depth?

3. What are the main roles of ocean organisms on the ocean geological process?

Readings：

Pickard GL and Emery WJ, 1992. Descriptive Physical Oceanography, 5th edn. Oxford: Pergamon Press.

Cartwright DE, 1999. Tides-a Scientific History, Cambridge: Cambridge university press.

Summerhayes CP and Thorpe SA, 1996. Oceanography-An Illustrated Guide. London: Manson Publishing.

Gill AE, 1982. Atmosphere-Ocean Dynamics, London: Academic Press.

Lavrenov I, 2003. Wind-Waves in Oceans：Dynamics and Numerical simulation. New York: Springer.

Covey C and Barron E, 1988. The role of Ocean heat transport in climatic change. Earth- Science review24: 429-445.

Siedler G, Church J and Gould, 2001. Ocean circulation and Climate, London: Academic press.

Simpson JE, 1997. Gravity Currents, 2nd Edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Emery WJ and Meincke J, 1986. Global water masses summary and review. Oceanologica Acta 9:383-391.

Chapter Six：Sedimentation of Continental Margins and Deep Sea (8 credit hours)

Questions：

1. What is tubidity current deposition, contour current deposition and semi-deep sea deposition, and what are the main

differences among them?

2. What are the main factors controlling deposition process in deep sea and coastal environments?

3. What is the relationship between sea-level changes and formation of river deltas?

Readings：

Davis RA, 1985. Coastal sedimentary environments. New York: Springer-verlag.

Lisitzin AP, 1996. Oceanic sedimentation, Lithology and Geochemistry. Washington DC: American Geophysics Union.

Miall AD, 1997. The geology of Stratigraphic sequences. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Huh C-A and Kadko DC, 1992. Marine sediments and sedimentation process, In: Ivanovich M and Harmon RS（eds）.

Uranium Series Disequilibrium: applications to earth, Marine and Environmental Sciences 2nd edn. PP. 460-486. Oxford:

Oxford University Press.

Lisitzin AP, 1996. Oceanic sedimentation, lithology and Geochemistry, Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union.

Boyd R, Darlymple R, and Zaitlin BA, 1992. Classification of clastic coastal depositional environments. Sedimentary

geology 80:139-150.

Peltier WR, 1998. Postglacial variations in the level of the sea: implication for climate dynamic and solid-earth

geophysics, Review in geophysics 36:603-689.

Milliman JD and Farnsworth KL, 2002. River runoff, Erosion and Delivery to the Coastal Ocean： A Global Analysis.

Oxford University Press.

Wunsch C and Ferrari R, 2004. Vertical Mixing, energy, and the general circulation of the oceans. Annul reviews of Fluid

Mechanics 36: 281-314.

Chapter Seven：Paleooceanography (10 credit hours)

Questions：

1. List the main biological, physical and chemical proxies in the research of Paleooceanography, and understand the

principles and applications of one of them which you are interested in.

2. List the main methods to build chronological sequence.

3. What are the main aspects that consist of the Paleoceanography environment and how to reconstruct them?

4. What is the formation progress of the West Pacific warm pool?

5. How did the Antarctic ice sheet form?

6. What did the ocean environments like during the glacial periods？

Readings：

Hillaire-Marcel C and de Vernal A, 2007. Proxies in Late Cenozoic Palaeoceanography， Amsterdam： Elsevier.

Gradstein F, Ogg J, and smith AG, 2004. A Geological Time scale. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Broecker WS, 1991. The great ocean conveyor. Oceanography 4: 79-89.

Orsi A, Johnson G and Bullister J, 1999. Circulation, mixing, and production of Antarctic bottom water, Progress in

Oceanography 43: 55-109.

Covey C and Barron E, 1988. The role of Ocean heat transport in climatic change. Earth- Science review24: 429-445.

Rind D and Chandler M, 1991. Increased ocean Heat transports and warmer climate. Journal of Geophysical Reseach

96:7437-7461

Lisiecki LE and Raymo ME, 2005. A Pliocene-Pleistocene stack of 57 globally distributed benthic delta O-18 records.

Paleoceanography 20:PA1003.

Wilson DS, 1993. Confirmation of the astronomical calibration of the magnetic polarity timescale from sea-floor

spreading rate. Nature 364: 788-790.

Huber BT, Macleod KG, and Wing S, 1999. Warm Climates in Earth History， Cambridge， UK： Cambridge University

Press.

Zachos JC, Rohl U, Schellenberg SA,et al., 2005. Rapid acidification of the ocean during the Paleocene-Eocene

Thermal Maximum, Science 308:1611-1615.

Zachos JC, Pagani M, Sloan L, et al., 2001.Trends, rhythms, and aberrations in Global climate 65 Ma to present,

Science 292:686-694 .

Chapter Eight：Technology of Survey for Marine Geology (4 credit hours)

Questions：

1. List the main technologies used in the research of Marine Geology, and understand their applications and shortages.

Readings：

Griffiths G (ed.), 2003. Technology and application of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles. London： Taylor and Grancis.

Http:// WWW.cobo.org.uk. _Coastal Ocean Benthic Observatory.

Allmendinger EE, 1990. Submersible vehicle systems design, New York: Sname.

Pisias NG and Delaney ML(eds), 1999. Complex： conference of Multiple Platform Exploration of the Ocean.

Washinton, DC: Joint Oceanographic Institute.

Pulsipher AG.(eds), 1996. Proceedings： An international workshop on offshore lease abandonment and Platform

disposal: technology, Regulation and Environmental Effects. MMS contract 14-35-0001-30794. Baton Rouge, LA:Center

for Energy studies

Forma W,1999. The history of American Deep submersible operations. Flagstaff， AZ： Best Publishing Co.

Brekhovskikh LM and Lysanov YP, 1991. Fundamentals of Ocean Acoustics, Berlin: Springer- Verlag.

Akal T and Berkson JM (eds.), 1986. Ocean Seismo-Acoustics. New York and London: Plenum press.

Clarke JH, 2000. Present-day methods of depth measurement, In: Cook PJ and Carleton CM（eds.） Continental shelf

limits: The Scientific and legal interface, pp.139-159. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

Duennebier FK and Sutton GH, 1995. Fidelity of Ocean bottom seismic observations. Marine geophysical researches 17:

535-555.

Chapter Nine：Disaster and Prevention (2 credit hours)

Questions：

1. What are the main natural disasters affecting coastal places?

Readings：

Viles H and Spencer T, 1995. Coastal Problems: Geomorphology, Ecology, and Society at the Coast, New York: Oxford

University Press.

Burton I, Kates RW and White GF, 1993. The environmental as Hazard, 2nd edn. New York: the Guilford press.

Pugh DT, 1987. Tides, Surges and Mean sea level. Chichester: John Wiley Sons.

Kajiura K and Shuto N, 1990. Tsunamis. In: Le Mehaute B and Hanes DM (eds), The Seea ocean Engineering Science,

PP395-420.

Gubbay S, 1996. Marine protected areas: Principles and techniques for management. New York: Chapmam Hall.

Cicin-Sain B and Knecht RW, 1998. Integrated Coastal and Ocean Management： Concepts and Practices.

Washington, DC: Island Press.

Birkland C, 1997. Life and Death of Coral Reefs, New York: Chapman and Hall.

Chapter Ten Major International Marine Geological Research Programs（2 credit hours）

Queations:

1. How did ocean drilling programs (e.g. IODP, ODP, DSDP) contribute to the development of Marine Geology?

2. What is the main mission of InterRidge?

Readings：

Becker K and Davis EE, 2000. Plugging the seafloor with CORKs, Oceanus 42(1): 14-16

Cullen V, 1993/1994. 25 years of Ocean Drilling, Oceans 36（4）.

Warme JE, Douglas GR, and Winterer EL, 1981. The Deep sea Drilling Project: A decade of progress, special

publication 32, Tulsa, OK: Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists.

Hsu KJ, 1992. Challenger at sea, a Ship that Revolutionized Earth Science. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

第一章绪论（2 学时）

问题：

1. 推动海洋地质学近期发展的动力？

2. 海洋地质学发展阶段是如何划分的？其学术思想有什么变化？

进一步阅读文献：

Manten, A.A., 1964. The origin of marine geology. Marine Geology 2, 1-28.

Deacon M, 1971.Scientist and the Sea, 1650-1900: A study of Marine science. London: Academic press.

James P. Kennett, 1981.Marine Geology, Introduction.

Manten, A.A., 1964. The origin of marine geology. Marine Geology 2, 1-28.

第二章地球结构与海底岩石圈（4 学时）

问题：

1.大陆岩石圈和大洋岩石圈的区别是什么？

2. 标准洋壳的结构及其物质组成？

3. 大陆型地壳与大洋型地壳的主要区别？

4.软流圈不均一性的科学意义是什么？

进一步阅读文献：

Kump LR, Kasting JF, and Crane RC, 1999. The Earth System. London: prentice-hall.

Fowler CMR, 1990. The solid earth, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

James P. Kennett, 1981. Marine Geology, Introduction.

第三章海底构造（6 学时）

问题：

1.洋壳扩张假说有什么缺点？

2. 洋中脊主要的构造特征是什么？

3. 岩石圈板块的边界有哪些类型？各种类型的特征是什么？

4. 影响岩浆岩性质的因素有哪些？

5. 什么是板块俯冲？板块俯冲发生的原因是什么？

进一步阅读文献：

Moores EM and Twiss RJ, 1995. Tectonics, New York: WH Freeman.

Perfit MR and Davidson JP, 2000. Plate Tectonics and Volcanism. In: Sigurdsoon H (ed) ENcyclopedia of Volcanoes.

San Diego: Academic Press.

Solomon SC and Toomey DR, 1992. The structure of Mid-ocean Ridges. Annual review of Earth and Planetary Sciences

20: 329-364.

Nicolas A, 1990. The Mid-Ocean Ridge. Springer Verlag, Berlin.

Hey RN, Sinton JM, Duennebier FK, 1989. Progagating rifts and spreading centers. In : Winterer EL, Hussong DM, and

Decker RW（eds.） Decade of North American geology: The Eastern Pacific Ocean and Hawaii, PP161-176.

Price JF, 2001. Subduction, In： Ocean circulation and Climate： Observing and Modelling the Clobal Ocean， G.

Siedler, J.Church and J. Gould (eds), Academic Press, pp. 357-371

第四章海底地形地貌（6 学时）

问题：

1. 海底由那些构造单元组成，各单元的特征是什么？

2. 大陆架有哪些地形和地貌特征？

3. 大陆边缘有哪些地貌，其地貌特征是什么？

4. 什么是海岸带？海岸带有那几种类型？各种类型的特征是什么？

进一步阅读文献：

Fowler CMR, 1990. The solid earth, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Bird ECF, 1984. Coasts, 3rd edn, London: Blackwell.

Burk CA and Drake CL(eds), 1974. The Geology of Continental margins. New York” Springer-Verlag.

Trenhaile AS，1997. Coastal dynamics and landforms. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Floyd PA (ed.), 1991. Oceanic Basalts. Glasgow: Blackie and Son.

第五章海洋环境要素（4 学时）

问题：

1. 海浪、潮汐和洋流是怎样影响海底的？

2. 什么是盐跃层、密跃层、以及 CCD 深度（碳酸钙补偿深度）?

3. 海洋生物对海洋地质过程有哪些作用？