1
课程详述
COURSE SPECIFICATION
联系授课教师。
The course information as follows may be subject to change, either during the session because of unforeseen
circumstances, or following review of the course at the end of the session. Queries about the course should be
directed to the course instructor.
1.
课程名称 Course Title
地球物理学基础 I(地震学原理)
Fundamentals of Geophysics I (Seismology)
2.
授课院系
Originating Department
地球与空间科学系 Department of Earth and Space Sciences
3.
课程编号
Course Code
ESS308
4.
课程学分 Credit Value
3
5.
课程类别
Course Type
专业核心课 Major Core Course
6.
授课学期
Semester
秋季 Fall
7.
授课语言
Teaching Language
中英双语 English & Chinese
8.
他授课教师)
Instructor(s), Affiliation&
Contact
For team teaching, please list
all instructors
张伟,地球与空间科学系
邮箱:zhangwei@sustech.edu.cn
电话:0755-88018787
办公室:创园 9 303
Wei Zhang, Department of Earth and Space Sciences
Email: zhangwei@sustech.edu.cn
Tel: 0755-88018787
Office: Innovation Park #9-303
9.
/
方式
Tutor/TA(s), Contact
待公布 To be announced
10.
选课人数限额(不填)
Maximum Enrolment
Optional
2
授课方式
Delivery Method
习题/辅导/讨论
Tutorials
实验/实习
Lab/Practical
其它(请具体注明)
OtherPlease specify
总学时
Total
11.
学时数
Credit Hours
48
12.
先修课程、其它学习要求
Pre-requisites or Other
Academic Requirements
MA101B 高等数学(上)A MA103A 线性代数 I-A
MA101B Calculus I A and MA103A Linear Algebra I-A
13.
后续课程、其它学习规划
Courses for which this course
is a pre-requisite
14.
其它要求修读本课程的学系
Cross-listing Dept.
教学大纲及教学日历 SYLLABUS
15.
教学目标 Course Objectives
本课程主要介绍地震波传播基本理论和利用地震波研究地球内部构造的基本方法,并对地震面波和地
球自由振荡、地震的产生原因和震源机制、地震预测、地震仪器等相关技术进行介绍。
This course mainly introduces the theory of seismic wave propagation in the Earth media, and
the basic methods of studying the internal structure of the Earth using seismic waves. It
also introduces seismic surface wave and Earth oscillation, earthquake and source theory,
earthquake prediction, instruments, etc.
16.
预达学习成果 Learning Outcomes
学生完成本课程后,将会掌握以下知识:
1. 弹性波波动方程的物理含义和基本解的特征;
2. 地震波射线理论,包括射线追踪方法,走时反演方法,地震定位等;
3. 反射地震学的基本思想,掌握共中心点叠加、偏移的基本概念;
4. 地震面波和自由震荡理论;
5. 地震震源理论,地震灾害特点,和地震预测预警方法;
6. 地震观测的基本方法。
Upon completing the course, students will master the following knowledge:
1. Understand the elastic wave equations, the characters of its propagation;
2. Understand the seismic ray theory, include raytracing methods, traveltime inversion, and
earthquake location;
3. The concepts of the reflection seismology, master common-middle point stack and
migration;
4. Theory of the surface wave and free oscillation of the Eearth;
5. Earthquake source theory, earthquake hazard, and earthquake prediction and early warning
system;
6. Instruments to record the seismic signals.
17.
课程内容及教学日历 (如授课语言以英文为主,则课程内容介绍可以用英文;如团队教学或模块教学,教学日历须注明
主讲人)
Course Contents (in Parts/Chapters/Sections/Weeks. Please notify name of instructor for course section(s), if
this is a team teaching or module course.)
3
第一章:课程简介和地震学简介(2 学时)
地震和地震学,地震学的主要研究内容,地震学的主要应用,地震学的发展历史。
第二章:应力应变(4 学时)
应力的概念和应力张量,矢量计算简要介绍(附录 B.1),应变的概念和应变张量,应力应变关系。
第三章:地震波波动方程(6 学时)
动量地震地震波解基本,球,地的数
法。
第四章:地震波走时射线理论(6 学时)
波动理论向射线理论的过渡,Snell 理,一维模型射线,一维球状介质射线,三维射线追踪,常见
地震震相命名规则,近震地震射线与地壳构造,远震地震射线及地球内部构造。
第五章:地震波走时反演(4 学时)
一维速度模型走时反演,三维速度模型走时反演,地震定位方法。
第六章:地球内部物理性质和化学成分的研究(2 学时)
地球基本圈层结构及地震学方法在确定基本圈层中的作用。
第七章:地震波射线理论的振幅(4 学时)
法,地震波振幅衰减。
第八章:反射地震学(4 学时)
Krichhoff 偏移方法,接收函数方法。
第九章:面波和自由震荡(4 学时)
Love 波,Reyleigh 波,面波频散,球状介质面波理论和观测,地球的自由震荡。
第十章:地震震源理论(4 学时)
震源型和,地、震地震辐射震源球表
震源谱特征,震源应力降,地震能量释放和分配,地震震级,有限尺度震源产生的地震波。
十一章:地震灾害和地震活动性(2 学时)
宏观地震调查,地震烈度,地震活动的特点,中国地震带分布,地震应急。
第十二章:地震预测和地震预警(2 学时)
震加earthquake cycle
测性争论,地震预警的基本原理和发展现状,孕震研究与地震预测的难点和探索。
第十三章:地震观测(2 学时)
地震原理震仪,地噪音地震和假原则
震台网地震台阵观测和进展。
第十四章:真实地球的复杂性和地震学的未来发展(2 学时)
线 4D 监测
术,地震干涉技术,地震波形成像技术,地震立体监测和密集监测技术等。
4
Chapter 1: Introduction (2 hours)
Earthquake and seismology, the contents and applications of the seismology, history of the
seismology
Chapter 2: Stress and Strain (4 hours)
Stress tensor, strain tensor, linear stress-strain relationship, review of basic vector
calculus (Appendix B.1)
Chapter 3: Seismic wave equations (6 hours)
Moment equation, seismic wave equation, plane wave solution, characters of the basic
solutions, spherical wave solution, numerical methods of the seismic wave equation
Chapter 4: Ray theory: Travel times (6 hours)
Snell law, seismic ray in 1D model, seismic ray in 1D spherical model, seismic ray in 3D
model, ray nomenclature, local seismic phase propagates in the crust, teleseismic phases
propagate in the deep structures
Chapter 5: Inversion of travel time data (4 hours)
Traveltime inversion for 1D model, traveltime inversion for 3D model, earthquake location
Chapter 6: Physical and chemical properties of the Earth (2 hours)
The structure of the Earth and how seismic methods help to determine the Earth structure
Chapter 7: Ray theory: Amplitude and phase (4 hours)
Energy in seismic waves, geometrical spreading, reflection and transmission coefficients,
matrix methods for medeling plane waves, attenuation
Chapter 8: Reflection seismology (4 hours)
Seismic acquisition, common midpoint stacking, migration, velocity analysis, receiver
functions
Chapter 9: Surface waves and normal modes (4 hours)
Love waves, Rayleigh waves, dispersion, global surface waves, normal modes
Chapter 10: Earthquake and source theory (4 hours)
Green’s functions, earthquake faults, radiation patterns and beach balls, far-field pulse
shape, stress drop, earthquake magnitude, finite slip modeling
Chapter 11: Earthquake hazards and seismicity (2 hours)
Seismic intensity, seismicity, earthquake belts in China
Chapter 12: Earthquake prediction and earthquake early warning system (4 hours)
The earthquake cycle, earthquake triggering, searching for precursors, are earthquake
unpredictable, early warning system
Chapter 13: Instruments (2 hours)
Theory of the instruments, modern seismographs, Earth noise
Chapter 14: Complexity of the Earth and developments of the seismology (2 hours)
3D heterogeneity, anisotropy, visco-elasticity, porosity, Viscoplasticity, nonlinearity of