Introduction and Revision: Analog vs. digital messages, What is communication? Elements of a communication
system, Channel impairments, Definition and purposes of modulation, Types of modulation, Fourier transform, Filters,
Signal power.
Amplitude Modulation (AM): Types of AM, Conventional AM, Envelope detection, Spectrum, Single-tone AM, Double-
Sideband Suppressed Carrier (DSBSC) AM, Coherent/synchronous demodulation.
AM Related Systems and Applications: Frequency translation, Mixing, Multiplexing, Frequency Domain Multiplexing,
De-multiplexing, Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), QAM modulation and detection.
Noise Performance of AM Signals: Parameters of noise, Power spectral density (PSD), Signal-to-noise ratio
(SNR),White noise, bandpass noise, AM receiver model, DSBSC AM with coherent detection, Conventional AM with
envelope detection, Threshold effect of envelope detection, Noise analysis.
Basics of Angle Modulation: Angle-Angular frequency-Frequency, Definition of Frequency Modulation (FM), Definition
of Phase Modulation (PM), Single-tone modulation, Modulation index of FM, Modulation index of PM, Instantaneous
frequency deviation, Instantaneous phase deviation.
Narrow-Band and Wideband FM: Narrow-band FM, Phasor diagram, Wideband FM, Double-sided amplitude spectrum,
Properties of J
n
(), Bandwidth of FM signals, 1% rule, Carson’s rule, Bandwidth of arbitrary FM signals.
FM signals: Generation of Narrow-band FM signals, Generation of Wideband FM signals, Armstrong method,
Frequency multiplier, Frequency converter, Direct generation of wideband FM signals,Phase-Lock Loop (PLL),
Frequency discrimination, Limiter, DM demodulator model, FM receiver model, PM signal demodulation.
Noise Performance of FM Signals: Capture effect, Demodulated signal power, Demodulated noise power, Noise
quieting, Output SNR derivation, FM receiver threshold phenomenon.
Pulse Analog Modulation: Introduction to digital communications, Sampling, Reconstruction, Pulse-amplitude
modulation, PAM noise analysis, Time-division multiplexing, Pulse-width modulation, Pulse-position modulation, PPM
generation, PPM detection, PPM noise analysis.
Digital Representation of Analog Signal: Quantization, Quantization noise, Pulse code modulation, Line code, Delta
modulation.
Baseband Transmission of Digital Signal: Energy signal, Power signal, Gaussian process, Additive white Gaussian
noise, Match filter, Probability of error, Bit error rate, Q-function, Inter-symbol interference, Eye pattern, Nyquist’s
criterion for distortionless transmission, M-ary PAM, tapped-delay-line equalization.
Band-Pass Transmission of Digital Signal: Band-pass transmission model, Phase-shift keying, Frequency-shift
keying, Coherent detection of FSK and PSK, M-ary Modulation.
Laboratory:
Lab1: LabVIEW Programming for Communication systems: 1. Introduction to LabVIEW, 2. LabVIEW programming
(New VI, Data types, Case structure, Loop structure, Waveform display, Modulation Tool Kit, Help documents), 3.
Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) platform.
Lab2: Amplitude Modulation: 1. Pre-Lab (Sampling theory, Spectrum measurement, Wireless channel, Low-pass filter,
Interpolation and decimation), 2. Amplitude Modulation (AM model, AM block diagram, Over modulation), 3. Amplitude
Demodulation (Amplitude demodulation Model, Envelope demodulation block diagram, Power and spectrum efficiency
analysis).
Lab3: DSB & SSB Modulation: 1. DSB Modulation (DSB Model, Carrier recover, DSB block diagram, DSB spectrum