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课程大纲
COURSE SYLLABUS
1.
课程名称
(
中英文
)
Course Title(Chinese and
English)
Model organisms and developmental biology (模式生物和发育生物学)
2.
课程类别
Course Type Major(专业课)
3.
授课院系
Originating Department
Department of Biology (生物系)
4.
可选课学生所属院系
Open to Which Majors
生物系及相关院系
5.
课程学时
Credit Hours
48
6.
课程学分
Credit Value 3
7.
授课语言
Teaching Language
English Preferred （英语为主）
8.
授课教师
Instructor(s) 仲寒冰
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先修课程、其它学习要求
Pre-requisites or Other
Academic Requirements
Cell Biology (细胞生物学)
10.
教学目标
Course Objectives
This course introduces the biological characteristics of popular model organisms, including mouse, chick,
zebrafish, Drosophila, C.elegans, and Sea urchin, and great achievements obtained with these animal models.
This course aims to provide a broad look at development integrating classical experiments with modern molecular
and genetic techniques. We will explore the basic body plan of the embryo and how organs are formed, with
special emphasis on vertebrate models. Lectures will focus on experimental design and discovery through
experiments. In-class activities, problem sets, and exams will similarly require that students put themselves in the
shoes of a scientist at the bench and design experiments to test certain hypotheses or evaluate hypothetical
experiments.
Students are expected to achieve:
1. Learn how to choose an appropriate model organism.
2. Understand the fundamentals and key questions of developmental biology.
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3. Train themselves and apply what they learn to their own research.
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教学方法及授课创新点
Teaching Methods and Innovations
课堂讲授时注意引导学生就重要生物学现象展开讨论，从中发掘归纳出生物学问题，并寻找相应的
解决问题的思路和方法，比较在不同实验技术背景下研究思路的差异。鼓励学生积极提出自己的想法，
不要轻易接受一种现成的理论。学生们将选择经典的科学问题，就最新进展做口头报告。
12.
教学内容及学时分配
Course Contents and Course Schedule
Lecture 1. History and basic concepts
1.1The origins of developmental biology
1.2 A conceptual tool kit
Lecture 2. Development of the Drosophila body plan
2.1 Drosophila life cycle and overall development
2.2 Setting up the body axes
2.3 Localization of maternal determinants during oogenesis
2.4 Patterning the early embryo
2.5 Activation of the pair-rule genes and the establishment of parasegments
2.6 Segmentation genes and compartments
2.7 Specification of segment identity
Lecture 3. Development of C. elganss
3.1 Life cycle.
3.2 Hermaphrodite and male.
3.3 History. Sydney Brenner chose it to study how genes specify highr organisms.
3.4 Complete cell lineage is known.
3.5 The structure of the nervous system is known at electronic microscope level.
3.6 RNAi. the impact of the highly improbable.
3.7 Asymmetric cell divison. P granules.
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3.9 Pecocious and retarded.
3.10 MicroRNA
Lecture 4. Sea urchin and ascidians
4.1 Sea urchin and the discovery of cyclin
4.2 Ascidians
Lecture 5. Vertebrate development I: life cycles and experimental techniques
5.1 Vertebrate life cycles and outlines of development of Xenopus
5.2 Experimental approaches to studying vertebrate development
Gene expression pattern. In situ hybridization. Sequencing.
Loss of function. Knock out. Knock down (anti-sense, RNAi)
Gain of function. Overexpression.
Time course control. Knock in and Cre-loxp.
Knock out techniques, ZFN, TALEN, Cas9.
The example of Sirtuin.
Chip-seq.
Lecture 6. Vertebrate development II: axes and germ layers
6.1 Setting up the body axes
6.2 The origin and specification of the germ layers
Lecture 7. Vertebrate development III: patterning the early nervous system and the somites
7.1 The role of the organizer and neural induction
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7.3 The initial regionalization of the vertebrate brain
Lecture 8. Development of the nervous system
8.1 neural tube。
8.2 MHB and ZLI。
8.3 Zebrafish acerebellar mutant and FGF signalling。
8.4 Rhombomeres are compartments。
8.5 Ephrin and eph。
8.6 The position of the nucleus of a neural stem cell moves in out and in during cell cycle.
8.7 The birth of a neuron.
8.8 The migration along glial cell.
8.9 Mouse reeler mutant.
8.10 The story of Cajal.
8.11. Axon guidance. Growth cone. Long and short range mechanisms.
8.12 Optic chiasm.
8.13 Frog retina assay.
Lecture 9. Axon guidance
9.1 Neural circuit.
9.2 The polarity of neuron. Growth cone, axon, dendrite.
9.3 Rao paper, GSK3beta.
9.4 Pyramidal cell.
9.5 Chick spinal cord inverted assay.
9.6 Commisural neuron guidance.
9.7 Slit-Robo model.
9.8 Optic chiasm.
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9.10 Sperry and chemoaffinity hypothesis.
9.11 Netrin.
9.12 Semaphorin.
9.13 Slit-robo.
9.14 Pals1 KO.
9.15 Freach patient.
Lecture 10. Germ cells, fertilization, and sex
10.1 The development of germ cells
10.2 Fertilization
10.3 In mammals，induced by cell-cell interactions。
10.4 Germ cells migrate to gonad。
10.5 Oogenesis and spermatogenesis in mammals。
10.6 Genomic imprinting and epigenetics。
10.7 Fertilization。
10.8 Block of polyspermy。
10.9 Sex determination。
10.10 Sry gene。
10.11 Dosage compensation of X-linked genes。
10.12 Determination of the sexual phenotype
10.13 Fetal diagnostic。
Lecture 11. The development of blood and blood vessel
11.1 Vasculogenesis and angiogenesis.
11.2 Zebrafish model for angiogenesis.
11.3 The formation of lumen. Two models.
11.4 Hematopoiesis. Two waves.
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11.6 The two models of development of aorta and vein.
11.7 The story of Folkman, VEGF and Endostatin
Lecture 12. Organogenesis
12.1 The vertebrate limb
12.2 Insect wings and legs
12.3 Vertebrate and insect eyes
12.4 Liver
12.5 Heart
Lecture 13. Growth and aging
13.1 Growth
13.2 Aging and senescence
Lecture 14 Regeneration
14.1 Amphibian limb regeneration involves cell dedifferentiation and new growth
14.2 The limb blastema gives rise to structures with positional values distal to the site of amputation
14.3 Retinoic acid can change proximo-distal positional values in regenerating limbs
14.4 Insect limbs intercalate positional values by both proximo-distal and circumferential growth
14.5 Heart regeneration in the zebrafish involves the resumption of cell division by cardiomyocytes
14.6 The mammalian peripheral nervous system can regenerate
14.7 Neurodegenerative diseases and neuroregeneration
Midterm exam
Discussion session
Presentations
Final Exam
7
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课程考核
Course Assessment
1. Class participation，20%
2. Presentation，20%
3. Midterm exam，25%
4. Final exam，35%
14.
教材及其它参考资料
Textbook and Supplementary Readings
No textbook required.
Reference books.
Principles of Development, 5
th
, Lewis Wolpert, Cheryll Tickle, and Alfonso Martinez Arias, OXFORD
University Press, ISBN: 9780199678143
Developmental biology, 10
th
, Scott F. Gilbert, Sinauer Associates,Inc. ISBN: 978-1-60535-192-6