Polono {VGAM} | R Documentation

## The Poisson Lognormal Distribution

### Description

Density, distribution function and random generation for the Poisson lognormal distribution.

### Usage

    dpolono(x, meanlog = 0, sdlog = 1, bigx = 170, ...)
    ppolono(q, meanlog = 0, sdlog = 1,
            isOne = 1 - sqrt( .Machine$double.eps ), ...)
    rpolono(n, meanlog = 0, sdlog = 1)

### Arguments

`x, q` | vector of quantiles.

`n` | number of observations. If `length(n) > 1` then the length is taken to be the number required.
`meanlog, sdlog` | the mean and standard deviation of the normal distribution (on the log scale). They match the arguments in `Lognormal`.

`bigx`

Numeric. This argument is for handling large values of `x` and/or when `integrate` fails. A first order Taylor series approximation [Equation (7) of Bulmer (1974)] is used at values of `x` that are greater or equal to this argument. For `bigx = 10`, he showed that the approximation has a relative error less than 0.001 for values of `meanlog` and `sdlog` “likely to be encountered in practice”. The argument can be assigned `Inf` in which case the approximation is not used.

`isOne` | Used to test whether the cumulative probabilities have effectively reached unity.
`...` | Arguments passed into `integrate`.

### Details

The Poisson lognormal distribution is similar to the negative binomial in that it can be motivated by a Poisson distribution whose mean parameter comes from a right skewed distribution (gamma for the negative binomial and lognormal for the Poisson lognormal distribution).

### Value

`dpolono` gives the density, `ppolono` gives the distribution function, and `rpolono` generates random deviates.

### Note

By default, `dpolono` involves numerical integration that is performed using `integrate`. Consequently, computations are very slow and numerical problems may occur (if so then the use of `...` may be needed). Alternatively, for extreme values of `x`, `meanlog`, `sdlog`, etc., the use of `bigx = Inf` avoids the call to `integrate`, however the answer may be a little inaccurate.

For the maximum likelihood estimation of the 2 parameters a VGAM family function called `polono()`, say, has not been written yet.

### Author(s)

T. W. Yee. Some anonymous soul kindly wrote `ppolono()` and improved the original `dpolono()`.

### References

Bulmer, M. G. (1974) On fitting the Poisson lognormal distribution to species-abundance data. Biometrics, 30, 101–110.

### See Also

`lognormal`, `poissonff`, `negbinomial`.

### Examples

    meanlog <- 0.5; sdlog <- 0.5; yy <- 0:19
    sum(proby <- dpolono(yy, m = meanlog, sd = sdlog))  # Should be 1
    max(abs(cumsum(proby) - ppolono(yy, m = meanlog, sd = sdlog)))  # Should be 0

    ## Not run:  opar = par(no.readonly = TRUE)
    par(mfrow = c(2, 2))
    plot(yy, proby, type = "h", col = "blue", ylab = "P[Y=y]", log = "",
         main = paste("Poisson lognormal(m = ", meanlog,
                      ", sdl = ", sdlog, ")", sep = ""))

    y <- 0:190  # More extreme values; use the approximation and plot on a log scale
    (sum(proby <- dpolono(y, m = meanlog, sd = sdlog, bigx = 100)))  # Should be 1
    plot(y, proby, type = "h", col = "blue", ylab = "P[Y=y] (log)", log = "y",
         main = paste("Poisson lognormal(m = ", meanlog,
                      ", sdl = ", sdlog, ")", sep = ""))  # Note the kink at bigx

    # Random number generation
    table(y <- rpolono(n = 1000, m = meanlog, sd = sdlog))
    hist(y, breaks = ((-1):max(y))+0.5, prob = TRUE, border = "blue")
    par(opar)
    ## End(Not run)

[Package VGAM version 1.1-1 Index]