Posbinom {VGAM} | R Documentation

## Positive-Binomial Distribution

### Description

Density, distribution function, quantile function and random generation for the positive-binomial distribution.

### Usage

    dposbinom(x, size, prob, log = FALSE)
    pposbinom(q, size, prob)
    qposbinom(p, size, prob)
    rposbinom(n, size, prob)

### Arguments

`x, q` | vector of quantiles.
`p` | vector of probabilities.
`n` | number of observations. Fed into `runif`.
`size` | number of trials. It is the N symbol in the formula given in `posbinomial` and should be positive.
`prob` | probability of success on each trial. Should be in (0,1).

`log` | See `dbinom`.

### Details

The positive-binomial distribution is a binomial distribution but with the probability of a zero being zero. The other probabilities are scaled to add to unity. The mean therefore is

mu / (1-(1-mu)^N)

where mu is the argument `prob` above. As mu increases, the positive-binomial and binomial distributions become more similar. Unlike similar functions for the binomial distribution, a zero value of `prob` is not permitted here.

### Value

`dposbinom` gives the density, `pposbinom` gives the distribution function, `qposbinom` gives the quantile function, and `rposbinom` generates random deviates.

### Note

For `dposbinom()`, if arguments `size` or `prob` equal 0 then a `NaN` is returned.

The family function `posbinomial` estimates the parameters by maximum likelihood estimation.

### Author(s)

T. W. Yee.

### See Also

`posbinomial`, `dposbern`, `dgentbinom`, `zabinomial`, `zibinomial`, `rbinom`.

### Examples

    prob <- 0.2; size <- 10
    table(y <- rposbinom(n = 1000, size, prob))
    mean(y)  # Sample mean
    size * prob / (1 - (1 - prob)^size)  # Population mean

    (ii <- dposbinom(0:size, size, prob))
    cumsum(ii) - pposbinom(0:size, size, prob)  # Should be 0s
    table(rposbinom(100, size, prob))

    table(qposbinom(runif(1000), size, prob))
    round(dposbinom(1:10, size, prob) * 1000)  # Should be similar

    ## Not run:  barplot(rbind(dposbinom(x = 0:size, size, prob),
                               dbinom(x = 0:size, size, prob)),
            beside = TRUE, col = c("blue", "green"),
            main = paste("Positive-binomial(", size, ",",
                          prob, ") (blue) vs",
            " Binomial(", size, ",", prob, ") (green)", sep = ""),
            names.arg = as.character(0:size), las = 1)
    ## End(Not run)

    # Simulated data example
    nn <- 1000; sizeval1 <- 10; sizeval2 <- 20
    pdata <- data.frame(x2 = seq(0, 1, length = nn))
    pdata <- transform(pdata, prob1  = logitlink(-2 + 2 * x2, inverse = TRUE),
                              prob2  = logitlink(-1 + 1 * x2, inverse = TRUE),
                              sizev1 = rep(sizeval1, len = nn),
                              sizev2 = rep(sizeval2, len = nn))
    pdata <- transform(pdata, y1 = rposbinom(nn, size = sizev1, prob = prob1),
                              y2 = rposbinom(nn, size = sizev2, prob = prob2))
    with(pdata, table(y1))
    with(pdata, table(y2))
    # Multiple responses
    fit2 <- vglm(cbind(y1, y2) ~ x2, posbinomial(multiple.responses = TRUE),
                 trace  = TRUE, data = pdata, weight = cbind(sizev1, sizev2))
    coef(fit2, matrix = TRUE)

[Package VGAM version 1.1-1 Index]