LTP namespaces helper tools
===========================


1. Introduction
---------------

LTP provides helper tools for creating and working with namespaces. These are
located in ltp/testcases/kernel/containers/share directory and include:

* tst_ns_create
** creates a child process in the new specified namespace(s)
** child is then daemonized and is running in the background
** PID of the daemonized child process is printed on the stdout
** the new namespace(s) is(are) maintained by the daemonized child process
** namespace(s) can be removed by killing the daemonized process
* tst_ns_exec
** enters the namespace(s) of a process specified by a PID
** then executes the indicated program inside that namespace(s)
* tst_ns_ifmove
** moves a network interface to the namespace of a process specified by a PID

Purpose of these helper tools is the ability to execute test cases utilizing
namespaces even on older kernels which do not provide tooling (i.e. unshare(1)
or nsenter(1) from util-linux) required for working with namespaces. The only
requirement from kernel side is the support of "setns" syscall.

2. Example usage
----------------

The following code shows how test cases can use the namespaces helper tools:

[source,sh]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Creates a new network and ipc namespace and stores the PID of the daemonized
# process inside that namespace into variable myns
myns=$(tst_ns_create net,ipc)

ip link add veth0 type veth peer name veth1

# Executes command 'ip a' inside the namespace specified by PID in myns variable
tst_ns_exec $myns net,ipc ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK> mtu 65536 qdisc noop state DOWN
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

# Moves interface veth1 into the namespace specified by PID in myns variable
tst_ns_ifmove veth1 $myns
tst_ns_exec $myns net,ipc ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK> mtu 65536 qdisc noop state DOWN
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
6: veth1: <BROADCAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN qlen 1000
    link/ether 6a:0a:45:ed:6e:d0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

# cleanup
ip link del veth0
# By killing the daemonized process we also delete the namespace
kill -9 $myns
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------